PEW CENTER ON THE STATES
62
ENDNOTES
13 Sean Nicholson-Crotty, “The Impact of Sentencing
Guidelines on State-Level Sanctions: An Analysis Over
Time,” Crime & Delinquency 50 (July 2004): 395–411.
14 Susan Turner, Terry Fain, Peter W. Greenwood,
Elsa Y. Chen, and James R. Chiesa, National Evaluation
of the Violent Offender Incarceration/Truth-in-
Sentencing Incentive Grant Program, report submitted
to the National Institute of Justice (RAND, 2001).
15 Ibid, 72 and 78.
16 Bureau of Justice Statistics, Felony Sentencing in
State Courts, 2006—Statistical Tables, National Judicial
Reporting Program (Washington, DC: U.S. Department
of Justice, revised Nov. 2010), http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/
content/pub/pdf/fssc06st.pdf.
17 Joan Petersilia, When Prisoners Come Home: Parole
and Prisoner Reentry (New York: Oxford University
Press, 2003), 66–67, cited by Kevin R. Reitz, “The
‘Traditional’ Indeterminate Sentencing Model,” in
Joan Petersilia and Kevin R. Reitz (eds.), The Oxford
Handbook of Sentencing and Corrections (New York:
Oxford University Press, 2012), 270.
18 For example, in Georgia, a defendant convicted of
felony shoplifting faces a sentence of one to 10 years,
Georgia Statute Sec. 16-8-14. In Utah, the statutory
range for a second-degree felony is one to 15 years in
prison, http://www.bop.utah.gov/faq.html.
19 Tony Fabelo, division director, Research, Justice
Center at the Center for State Governments, e-mail to
Pew Center on the States, March 14, 2012.
20 Association of Paroling Authorities International,
“International Survey of Paroling and Releasing
Authorities 2007–2008: Executive Summary and Key
Findings,” (Huntsville, TX: 2008), http://www.apaintl.
org/documents/surveys/2008e.pdf.
21 Donald Gilliland, “Pennsylvania Board of Parole’s
Vacancies Could Increase Prison Population,” The
Patriot-News [Harrisburg, PA], Nov. 6, 2011, http://
www.pennlive.com/midstate/index.ssf/2011/11/
pennsylvania_board_of_paroles.html.
22 Florida Department of Corrections, Annual Report
1996-1997 and 2006-2007, http://www.dc.state.fl.us/
pub/annual/9697/stats/ia4.html and http://www.
dc.state.fl.us/pub/annual/0607/stats/im_admis.html.
23 Kara Dansky et al., “Increases in California
Sentencing Since the Enactment of the Determinate
Sentencing Act,” prepared for Little Hoover
Commission (Stanford Criminal Justice Center, January
2007).
24 Joan Petersilia, “Meeting the Challenges of
Rehabilitation in California’s Prison and Parole System:
A Report from Gov. Schwarzenegger’s Rehabilitation
Strike Team,” (December 2007).
25 James Austin, “A Plan to Right-Size California’s
Prison and Local Correctional Systems,” forthcoming.
26 Pennsylvania Commission on Sentencing, Sentencing
in Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Commission on Sentencing
2010 Annual Report (Dec. 1, 2011).
27 Vera Institute of Justice, The Price of Prisons (2012).
28 Daniel S. Nagin, Francis T. Cullen, and Cheryl Lero
Jonson, “Imprisonment and Reoffending,” in Michael
Tonry (ed.), Crime and Justice: A Review of Research,
Vol. 23 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008).
29 Lynne M. Vieraitis, Tomislav V. Kovandzic, and
Thomas B. Marvell, “The Criminogenic Effects of
Imprisonment: Evidence from State Panel Data, 1974-
2002,” Criminology & Public Policy 6 (2007):589–622.;
Paul Gendreau and Claire Goggin, The Effects of Prison
Sentences on Recidivism (Ottawa, Canada: Department of
the Solicitor General, 1999).
30 Nagin et al., “Imprisonment and Reoffending,”
(2008).
31 National Council of Crime and Delinquency,
Accelerated Release: A Literature Review (Oakland,
CA: Jan. 2008); Bureau of Justice Statistics,
Recidivism of Prisoners Released in 1983; U.S.
Department of Justice, Recidivism of Prisoners
Released in 1994 (Washington, DC: 2002); Gendreau