Moped Operator's Manual

800 Lincoln Way I Ames, Iowa 50010

515-239-1101 I www.iowadot.gov

Moped Operator’s Manual

IOWA MOPED OPERATOR’S MANUAL

CONTENTS

1. Introduction ..................................................................................................1

2. Mopeds and Iowa law ...............................................................................2

3. Responsibility ...............................................................................................4

4. Check it before you wreck it ....................................................................6

5. Controls ........................................................................................................10

6. Master the skills .........................................................................................12

7. Trac signs and signals ...........................................................................15

8. Distance detection .................................................................................. 24

9. Visibility ....................................................................................................... 26

10. Hazards ...................................................................................................... 27

11. Impaired driving ..................................................................................... 29

12. Enjoy the ride .......................................................................................... 30

Glossary of terms ...........................................................................................31

Final exam ....................................................................................................... 32

Driver’s license content ............................................................................... 36

IOWA MOPED OPERATOR’S MANUAL

III

Congratulations! on embarking upon the wonderful world of two-wheeled transportation, which

includes mopeds. You are going to have a marvelous time.

You also have some new responsibilities, which are introduced in the following pages. However, this booklet

provides only basic information, as there are a variety of makes and models of mopeds. Refer to your moped

owner’s manual for information about specic features and controls.

Mopeds have increased in popularity in recent years. Along with this increase comes the need to emphasize

safety.

Your safety while operating a moped depends on mastering not only the skill of riding, but also the realities of

mixing with the trac around you.

The time you spend understanding this information may be the most valuable investment you make toward

your safety and enjoyment while operating your moped.

The information contained in this publication is oered to benet those with an interest in mopeds and

moped riding. In addition, the Iowa Department of Transportation provided materials and supplemental

materials from publications, interviews and observations of individuals and organizations familiar with the use

of mopeds and training methods. Because there are many dierences in product design; riding styles; and fed-

eral, state and local laws, there may be organizations and individuals who hold diering opinions. Consult your

local Iowa DOT’s driver’s license issuance site sta for clarication of elements that you do not understand.

Although the Iowa DOT will continue to research and update the materials oered in this course, it cannot

guarantee the safety of the operation, maintenance and street use of your moped.

It is reccommened you take a moped safety course before operating your moped. If you are at least

14-years-old, but under age 16, a moped safety course is required by law. (See page 2 for licensing

requirements.) The following contains a list of Iowa community colleges that oer moped safety courses.

Iowa community colleges licensed to provide moped

safety courses

College name City Telephone number

Northeast Iowa Community College Peosta 563-556-5110 ext. 372

Northwest Iowa Community College Sheldon 800-352-4907

Iowa Central Community College Fort Dodge 515-574-1967

Eastern Iowa Community College Davenport 563- 441-4100

Kirkwood Community College Cedar Rapids 319 -398-7130

Des Moines Area Community College Ankeny 515-964- 6676

Western Iowa Tech Community College Sioux City 712-274-8733 ext. 1821

Southeastern Community College Burlington 319-208-5384

Iowa Lakes Community College Estherville 800-252-5664

Hawkeye Community College Waterloo 319-296-2320

North Iowa Area Community College Garner 515-923-2252

Southwestern Community College Creston 515-782-1424

Iowa Western Community College Council Blus 712-325-3415

Iowa Valley Community College Marshalltown 641-752-4645

The most current and

comprehensive list of

moped safety courses is

available at http://www.

iowadot.gov/mvd/motor-

cycle/moped

IOWA MOPED OPERATOR’S MANUAL • INTRODUCTION

Notes

1. INTRODUCTION

Moped safety course topics include the following.

• Introduction to mopeds

• Risk awareness

• Risk acceptance

• Risk management

• Crash factors

• Operator’s gear

• Preride inspection

• Routine maintenance

• Getting on/o the moped

• Engine starting and stopping procedure

• Moped operation

• Moped operation on the streets

• Collision avoidance skills

• Hazards

• Alcohol use

Successfully completing a moped course is not a guarantee that you will

be safe on the road. Only you can determine your level of safety through

the choices you make as an operator. This course provides opportunities

to acquire the basic knowledge for developing good operating habits.

IOWA MOPED OPERATOR MANUAL • MOPEDS AND IOWA LAW

If you are 16 years old or older and have never had

an Iowa driver’s license, you must pass the vision and

knowledge test. If you are under 18 years old, you will

also need to present a parental consent form, along

with proof of age and identity.

2c: Registration and insurance

Any motor vehicle registered in Iowa must have a

manufacturer’s certication stating the vehicle meets

federal motor vehicle safety standards. Without a

manufacturer’s certication label, vehicles cannot be

titled or registered. You will be required to register

your moped with your county treasurer’s oce and

display your license plate on the rear of your moped.

Anyone operating a motor vehicle registered in Iowa

must carry proof of insurance with them at all times,

including moped operators. Failure to do so could

result in nes and possible impoundment of your

vehicle.

With some insurance companies, the better your driv-

ing record, the less your insurance will cost. You may

even qualify for a discount on your rate just by taking

this course. Be sure to ask your insurance carrier.

2. MOPEDS AND IOWA LAW

MANUFACTURED BY: MANNY’S MOPEDS

July 2007

GVWR 271 KG (598 LB)

GAWR FRONT 110 KG (243 LB) WITH M 120/70R18 TIRE, 18XMT3.00 RIM. AT 250 KPA (36 PSI) COLD

GAWR REAR 161 KG (355 LB) WITH M160/60R17 TIRE, 17XMT4.00 RIM. AT 250 KP A (36 PSI) COLD

THIS VEHICLE CONFORMS TO ALL APPLICABLE U.S. FEDERAL MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY

STANDARDS IN EFFECT ON THE DATE OF MANUFACTURE SHOWN ABOVE

VIN: WMIXXXXXXXXXXXXXX TYPE: MOPED

Sample of a Moped Manufacturer’s Label

2a: Moped characteristics

In Iowa, a “motorized bicycle” or moped is

dened as a motor vehicle:

• Having a saddle or seat for the use of a single

operator (no passengers).

• Designed to travel on not more than three

wheels in contact with the ground.

• Incapable of operating at a speed in excess of

39 mph on level ground unassisted by human

power.

• Able to travel at a speed of at least 20 mph while

driving up a 3 percent incline.

If a motor vehicle is unable to meet all of the above

characteristics, it may not be licensed as a moped.

2b: Licensing requirements

Moped license – Restriction 5

If you are 18 years old or older and have never had a

driver’s license, you will need to pass the vision screen-

ing and knowledge test. You may also have to take a

skills test to show you can properly operate a moped.

Additional licensing is not required if you possess a

valid driver’s li cense.

To get a moped license you must be at least 14 years

old, pass the vision screening and knowledge test,

and present a parental consent form, along with proof

of age and identity. Visit https://iowadot.gov/mvd/

realid/success.aspx to build a personal checklist of

the documents you will need to satisfy Iowa’s identi-

cation requirements. If you are under 16 years old, you

must pass an approved moped education course to

get a moped license.

Notes

IOWA MOPED OPERATOR MANUAL • MOPEDS AND IOWA LAW

2d: Laws specic to mopeds

In addition to following all basic

trac rules and regulations, moped

operators are responsible for know-

ing and abiding by the following

laws specic to mopeds.

• Mopeds are designed to carry

one person; passengers are not

allowed.

• A moped must be equipped with

a day-glow orange safety ag that

extends no less than 5 feet above

the ground and is attached to

the rear of the moped. The safety

ag must be triangular in shape

with a surface area no less than 30

square inches.

• Mopeds should not be operated

side by side in the same lane of

travel.

• Mopeds must not be operated between lanes of travel, or adjacent

lines or rows of vehicles.

• All mopeds must have a lighted headlight at all times when being

operated on a public street or roadway.

5 feet from ground

• Moped operators must not carry a package, bundle or other

article that prevents the operator from keeping both hands on the

handgrips.

Be sure to securely strap down and center any cargo you carry on your

moped. Avoid obstructing the view of any lights or signals. Keep the

cargo and straps away from hot or moving parts. Remember, heavier

cargo will aect how your moped operates and you will need to com-

pensate for the additional weight.

The Iowa Driver’s Manual

should be used to study for

the operators exam and is avail-

able at all driver license issu-

ance sites or can be accessed

online at: www.iowadot.gov/

mvd/driverslicense/driversli-

cense/dlmanual

IOWA MOPED OPERATOR’S MANUAL• RESPONSIBILITY

3b: Risk acceptance

Some people are willing to take more risks than

others. If you choose to operate a moped, you must

recognize and accept the additional risks. Once you

become aware of the risks associated with moped

riding and accept them, it is time to learn how to

manage those risks. Following the risk management

techniques taught in this course allows moped opera-

tors to learn how to lessen the chances of a crash

and how to limit, whenever possible, the severity of

crashes that do occur.

3c: Risk management

What is your denition of a “good moped operator”?

First and foremost, a good moped operator must

demonstrate awareness of the risks and a desire to

reduce them. This person should also possess supe-

rior operating skills, know and obey the laws, use

safety gear while riding, put visibility techniques into

practice, and watch what is happening around them.

A good moped operator must think safety and ride

according to his or her own skill level, road conditions

and vehicle capabilities.

A simple and helpful strategy is the SEE principle:

Search, Evaluate, Execute. To SEE is to search for

factors that might lead to trouble, evaluate how the

factors might interact to create risk, and execute an

action to maintain safety. (SEE will be covered later in

this guide.)

3d: Crash factors

Crashes do not just happen. They are the result of a

chain of events and circumstances caused by either

the operator, moped, other trac, road conditions, or

environment. It is helpful to understand why moped

crashes occur. Individual factors can include speed-

ing, inattention, distraction, drinking and/or careless-

ness. However, studies indicate that most crashes are

caused by multiple factors.

3. RESPONSIBILITY

3a: Risk awareness

Operating any motor vehicle on Iowa’s streets and

roadways is a big responsibility and accompanies

a certain amount of risk. This is especially true for

moped operators. Certain characteristics of mopeds

present unique safety concerns for their operators.

One of the biggest challenges facing moped opera-

tors is stability. Unlike cars and trucks, mopeds oper-

ate on two wheels and weigh less, making them more

susceptible to riding conditions, such as wind or wet

pavement. It is important for moped riders to remain

constantly aware of their balance and the conditions

around them.

Physical vulnerability is another concern for moped

operators. Mopeds provide very little protection for

their operators. Wearing proper protective gear is the

best way to ensure your safety if a crash should occur.

The nal thing to keep in mind while operating your

moped is visibility. Mopeds are much smaller and

can be more dicult for other road users to see. It is

imperative that moped operators keep this in mind

and use good lane positioning to increase visibility to

other vehicle operators.

When considering the risks of operating your moped,

it is important for each individual to consider his or

her riding experience and level of skill. Do not put

yourself in situations that exceed your experience and

comfort level.

Operating a moped is a big responsibility; one that

is not to be entered into lightly. The decisions you

make while operating your moped will aect the rest

of your life and the lives of others. It is important to

remember that not all risks are due to the moped

operator’s own behavior – defensive driving skills

and driver courtesies are very important to the safe

and enjoyable use of your moped. Safety in trac is a

responsibility shared by all road users.

IOWA MOPED OPERATOR’S MANUAL • RESPONSIBILITY

Notes

Review questions

1. Who is responsible for safety?

2. List three characteristics that dene a moped.

3. Describe a crash discussed by your group (or any crash that you are

aware of) and briey describe the circumstances. What preventive

measures could have been taken?

4. What is the minimum age for being licensed to drive a moped?

5. What paper must you carry with you when you ride?

6. What is one dierence between mopeds and cars?

7. What must happen before risks can be managed?

8. What are three characteristics that might dene a “good moped

operator”?

9. What strategy will be helpful for the moped operator to search for

factors that may lead to trouble?

10. Crashes are caused by what?

IOWA MOPED OPERATOR’S MANUAL • CHECK IT BEFORE YOU WRECK IT

4. CHECK IT BEFORE YOU WRECK IT

Check it before you wreck it. There are three things

you need to check every time before operating your

moped:

1. Yourself.

2. Your moped.

3. Your gear.

4a: Check yourself

It is clear what it means to check your moped and

your gear, but you may be wondering about checking

yourself. Checking yourself means evaluating your

physical health, state of mind and any other factors

that could interfere with safely operating your mo-

ped. Did you get enough sleep? Are you taking any

medications that aect your mental state? Common,

over-the-counter and prescription medications can

make you too drowsy to safely operate your moped.

Consult the label of any medication you are taking

before operating your moped.

How is your emotional state? Feelings such as anger,

worry, distraction, depression, anxiety, fatigue and

stress distract your focus from where it needs to be –

on safety.

4b: Check your moped

Get to know your moped. It is very dierent from a

car. Preride inspections help ensure that your moped

is ready to go, providing condence that the vehicle

will operate and respond properly. Get to know your

moped owner’s manual as well – not all mopeds are

alike. The owner’s manual will provide specics you

will nd helpful in understanding and maintaining

the make and model you have chosen. Each time you

ride, it is important to do a basic equipment inspec-

tion. Use the T-CLOCS acronym to help you remem-

ber what to check.

• Tires and wheels

• Controls

• Lights and electronics

• Oil and other uids

• Chassis

• Stand (side or center)

T – Tires and wheels

Starting with the tires and wheels, check air pressure,

tire tread, cracks or dents in the wheel, loose spokes,

wheel bearings and brakes.

C – Controls

Next, check the controls. Check all levers for smooth

operation and proper function. Inspect visible cables

and hoses for obvious damage and secure connec-

tions. Conrm that the throttle is working properly.

L – Lights and electronics

When inspecting the lights, ensure that the headlight,

low and high beam, works properly. Also test the

brake lights, turn signals and taillights. Make sure the

gauges and indicator lights are working, including

the horn.

O – Oil and other uids

Check engine oil and fuel.

T-CLOCS Inspection

T – Tires and wheels

• Air pressure

• Tread

• Cracks, dents, loose spokes

• Bearings

• Brakes

C – Controls

• Levers

• Switches

• Cables

• Hoses

• Throttle

L – Lights and electronics

• Working condition

O – Oil and other uids

• Levels

• Leaks

C – Chassis

• Suspension

• Drive components (chain, belt or drive shaft)

• Cracks, dents, loose spokes

• Bearings

• Brakes

S – Stand (side or center)

IOWA MOPED OPERATOR’S MANUAL • CHECK IT BEFORE YOU WRECK IT

Notes

C – Chassis

On the chassis, check the front and rear suspension by gently rocking

the moped back and forth. Check the drive component of your moped,

which could be a chain, belt or drive shaft.

S – Stand

Finally, do not forget the stand. Your moped may be equipped with a

side or center stand. When you take the moped o its stand, be prepared

to control the moped’s balance. Make sure the stand is completely up

before you ride away and completely down before you dismount.

Routine maintenance

Mopeds require maintenance beyond the basics listed above. Your mo-

ped owner’s manual is the best source for information about inspection

and maintenance details. Routine maintenance can make your machine

safer and less expensive to operate. Maintenance helps avoid break-

downs and costly repairs. In addition, keeping your moped clean increas-

es visibility and prevents dirt from covering or hiding a serious problem.

However, always carry a tool kit with you for those occasional bolts or

screws that might come loose while you are on a ride.

4c: Check your gear

The nal thing you need to check before operating your moped is your

gear. On a moped, the only thing separating you from the pavement is

what you wear, your personal protective gear. It provides safety, comfort

and protection in the event of a crash.

Every rider should wear the following when riding a moped.

• Over-the-ankle footwear

• Long pants

• A jacket or long-sleeve shirt

• Full-ngered gloves

• Protective eyewear

• A helmet that meets U.S. Department of Transportation

standards

Helmets

There are several dierent styles of helmets to choose from. A full-

coverage helmet will provide the most protection, while a three-quarter

helmet leaves your face, teeth and chin exposed. When buying a helmet,

make sure it ts properly. It is easy to determine a proper t. The helmet

should t snug without feeling uncomfortable, and you should not be

able to roll the helmet o your head once the chinstrap is fastened.

Always fasten the chinstrap. If the helmet is not secure, it will not oer

protection when it counts.

To identify a quality helmet, look for a DOT sticker to make certain the

helmet meets DOT safety standards.

IOWA MOPED OPERATOR’S MANUAL • CHECK IT BEFORE YOU WRECK IT

There are four basic components of a DOT-approved

helmet.

1. Outer shell

2. Impact-absorbing liner

3. Comfort padding

4. Retention system

The outer shell is often made of berglass or molded

plastic. It is designed to keep sharp or hard objects

from penetrating the head. The outer shell becomes

damaged once impacted. The damage can be invis-

ible to the human eye, so if the helmet falls or takes

an impact, it should be replaced.

The liner is usually made of impact-absorbing poly-

styrene. This layer cushions and absorbs the shock.

The outer shell and liner work together to oer

protection. The more impact energy that is deected

or absorbed, the less there is to reach the head and

brain.

The comfort pad is the soft foam and cloth layer next

to the head.

The retention strap, or chinstrap, is very important. It

keeps the helmet on your head if a crash should oc-

cur. If your helmet is not secure, it may fall o.

Head injuries account for a signicant number of seri-

ous injuries and fatalities. Wearing a helmet is of the

utmost importance.

Protective eyewear

If your helmet is not equipped with a face shield, you

will want to wear some type of protective eyewear.

Riding goggles, worn outside your helmet, work

great, or you can invest in protec-

tive eyewear designed to look

just like stylish sunglasses.

Ordinary glasses or sunglasses

are no match for the elements you will encounter:

wind, rain and big, fat juicy bugs. If an object hits your

eye, it could cause permanent damage. Remember,

tinted shields or lenses are for daytime use only.

Gloves

Gloves designed for moped riders

can protect you from a number of

hazards. They oer protection from

wind, rain, heat, cold and objects

kicked up by other vehicles on the

roadway. They will also give you a

better hold on your handgrips.

Jacket/Long-sleeve shirt

Jackets designed specically for riding are made from

durable material; such as leather or denim. Leather

oers you the most protection when it comes to abra-

sion. Garments designed to t while sitting are cut

longer in the sleeves and will help keep the wind out.

Remember, even in warm

temperatures, constant ex-

posure to wind may cause

hypothermia. Hypother-

mia is a subnormal body

temperature and can cause

loss of concentration and

slowed reaction.

When choosing a jacket

or any riding gear, select bright colors and garments

with retroreective material to become more con-

spicuous to other road users. If riding gear is too

expensive, apply retroreective tape to your clothing

or wear a strong yellow-green vest, like those worn by

road workers.

Pants

Pants protect or minimize abrasion in a crash. Riding

pants, as shown, work best. At minimum, wear pants

made from denim or other thick materials. Avoid

wearing wide-ared pants that

can ap in the wind and possibly

become entangled in your moped’s

moving parts.

IOWA MOPED OPERATOR’S MANUAL • CHECK IT BEFORE YOU WRECK IT

Notes

Footwear

Rugged over-the-ankle footwear is recommended. A leather boot can

provide you with a good grip on the roadway and protect you from hot

parts if you crash with your moped.

Rain suits

Anyone who rides a moped

will likely get caught in the

rain at one time or another.

You will be much more com-

fortable if you are dry. One-

and two-piece style rain suits

are available. Rain suits made specically for

motorcycle/moped riding are the most appropri-

ate. Wind can tear or shred ordinary rain suits. If

possible, choose a bright color, such as orange or

yellow, so surrounding trac will have an easier

time seeing you.

2. What are the three things you should check every time before

operating your moped?

3. What are the four basic components of a DOT-approved helmet?

Why is wearing a helmet so important?

4. List the essential riding gear for operating a moped.

5. Explain what the acronym T-CLOCS stands for.

Review questions

1. Is the moped operator on the left or right following proper safety

guidelines? Use the notes margin to write down the dierences

between the two operators. Be prepared to discuss your observa-

tions with the class.

IOWA MOPED OPERATOR’S MANUAL • CONTROLS

5. CONTROLS

Part of being a good moped operator is understand-

ing the dierent controls your moped is equipped

with and how those controls function and interact to

give you a smooth ride. Like any other motor vehicle,

your moped has controls for steering, accelerating

and stopping.

5a: Primary controls

In addition to the handgrips, mopeds are equipped

with three other primary controls, which are listed

below.

• Throttle

• Rear brake

• Front brake

All of the primary controls are located on the moped’s

handgrips.

Throttle

The throttle, usually found on the right handgrip,

twists toward the rider to supply power and away

from the rider to slow down or stop. A centrifugal

clutch supplies the moped with power, causing a

delayed reaction to acceleration. In simple terms, the

engine RPM needs to increase to a required minimum

level before the clutch will engage and moped move

forward.

Brakes

The braking system on a moped is similar to that of a

bicycle. The rear brake is located on the left handgrip,

and front brake is located on the right handgrip. The

front brake supplies the majority of the moped’s stop-

ping power. However, both brakes should be used

every time to stop the moped. Using both brakes is

called maximum braking action and is a good skill

to practice.

5b: Other controls

The following is a sample diagram showing moped

parts. Remember, this is only a sample. Each moped

is unique and the location of parts varies from one

moped to another. Consult your moped owner’s

manual to obtain accurate information that is specic

to your moped.

1. Taillight/Brake light 11. Rear asher light

2. Muer 12. Rear wheel

3. Seat 13. Rear brake lever

4. Center stand 14. Left handlebar switch

5. Main switch 15. Speedometer

6. Headlight 16. Fuel gauge

7. Front wheel 17. Right handlebar switch

8. Front fender 18. Front brake lever

9. Front asher light 19. Throttle grip

10. Kick starter

IOWA MOPED OPERATOR’S MANUAL • CONTROLS

Notes

Ignition

On most mopeds, the ignition switch or button is located near the

primary controls on the handgrips. Customarily, the ignition switch has

three settings: on or run, o and lock.

Gauges

The gauges are located on the dash of your moped. The speedometer

displays the speed your moped is traveling, and the odometer records

the total distance the moped has traveled. Your moped may also be

equipped with a trip odometer, which can be reset and used to deter-

mine gas mileage. The fuel gauge displays the amount of fuel. Never let

your moped get too low on fuel. It could cause damage to your moped’s

engine/motor.

Lights

Your moped’s indicator lights, also located on the dash, alert the driver

to various operating conditions, such as low oil pressure, or turn signal

activation.

Signals

Turn signals are usually found on the left handgrip and should be oper-

ated with your left thumb. Always signal your intentions and remember

to cancel your signal once the maneuver is completed.

Customarily, the headlight switch is also found on the left handgrip

above the turn signals – high beam for night or low visibility riding; low

beam for daytime riding.

Horn

The horn is also located on the left handgrip and should be operated

with your left thumb.

Electric start

The moped’s electric start button is located on the right handgrip. It is

operated with the right thumb.

Stand

The moped’s stand may be located at the side or center of the moped

and is used to support the moped when it is parked.

Take the time to become familiar with your moped. Your safety depends

on your ability to operate your controls without taking your eyes o the

road.

Review questions

1. Name the primary controls on a moped.

2. What should you refer to if you have questions about your moped?

IOWA MOPED OPERATOR’S MANUAL • MASTER THE SKILLS

6. MASTER THE SKILLS

Becoming a good moped rider involves more than

knowing the controls and functions of your moped. It

is a great start, but you must also have the skill it takes

to perform those functions precisely and automati-

cally. The only way to master the basic skills of moped

riding is through practice.

You should practice basic skills in a safe environment

where there is little or no trac. Remember, motor

skills are best gained through practice and experi-

ence. Think about the rst time you learned to ride

a bicycle. In the beginning you had to concentrate

on balance, steering and pedaling all at once. After

enough practice, you could perform all those tasks in

perfect harmony without thinking about the indi-

vidual components. The same is true for learning to

ride a moped, only if you make a mistake or choose to

ignore the fundamentals, the consequences could be

much more severe than a scrapped knee.

When you begin to ride your moped, you will need to

remember the following motor skill principles.

• Motor skills are best acquired through practice

and experience – not forced.

• Too much verbal information hinders learning.

• Beginning riders should focus on technique

before speed.

• Get the big picture before ne-tuning the details.

6a: Posture

Sit so you can use your arms to steer the moped.

You should sit far enough forward so your arms are

slightly bent. Hold the handgrips rmly and keep your

feet rmly positioned on the footrests or oorboard

to maintain balance and have good control of your

moped. Keep your head and eyes up, and look where

you want your moped to go.

6b: Mounting

To get on your moped, squeeze the front brake that

is on the right handgrip. While applying the brake,

swing your right leg over the rear of your moped or

through the center of the moped frame. Once seated,

check all the levers and throttle to ensure they are

working and properly adjusted for you.

6c: Starting the moped

Before starting your moped, turn the ignition switch

or button to the “on” or “run” position to start the

engine. Squeeze the rear brake as you press the start

button.

Mopeds are equipped with a centrifugal clutch. If you

increase the engine speed, power will be supplied to

the rear wheel causing your moped to begin to move.

This is called “blipping” the throttle. Blipping the

throttle is unsafe and damages your moped.

6d: Accelerating

As your moped riding skills develop, your acceleration

skills should also improve. Twisting the throttle gently

will provide smooth acceleration and make your ride

much more enjoyable. It is important to develop a

smooth throttle because you will need that skill for

making smooth turns.

6e: Turning

Unless you plan to ride in a straight line forever, turn-

ing is a skill every moped rider must master. The four

steps to executing a proper turn are:

• First, slow to an appropriate speed before the

turn.

• Second, look where you want your moped to

go. This will allow you to have a smooth con-

trolled path through the turn.

• Next, press forward on the handgrip in the

direction you want your moped to go and

lean your body slightly into the turn. This is a

technique called counter-steering. Press

left, lean left, go left. Press right, lean right, go

right.

• Finally, roll on the throttle through the turn.

This will help to stabilize your moped. The key

to accomplishing the roll through the turn is to

have your speed adjusted before you encounter

the turn.

6f: Curves

Another must for any moped rider to learn is how to

negotiate curves safely. Curves can be great fun on a

moped, but pose a serious safety issue if executed

IOWA MOPED OPERATOR’S MANUAL • MASTER THE SKILLS

Notes

incorrectly. The majority of single-vehicle crashes for two- or three-

wheeled vehicles occur on curves. Use the slow, look, press and roll

technique to make turns.

6g: Maximum braking

Maximum braking is used to stop quickly in an emergency and is one

of the most important skills a moped rider can master. Always use both

brakes to put your moped to the point of an impending skid, but without

skidding.

Practice maximum braking so the skill is there when you need it.

You may be faced with the need to brake while negotiating a curve.

Because some of the traction is lost in a curve, if possible, straighten the

moped and then stop in a straight line.

6h: Skidding

If your front wheel locks, release the front brake immediately and re-

apply. If you accidentally lock the rear brake on good traction, keep it

locked and steer straight ahead until you have stopped completely.

6i: Swerving

Sometimes swerving is the best way to avoid a hazard. Swerving consists

of two counter steers, one to avoid the hazard and the other to return

to the original path. When swerving, keep your body upright. Never use

swerving and braking together. If necessary to swerve and brake, com-

plete one maneuver before attempting the other.

6j: Changing lanes and passing

Changing lanes on a moped is really no dierent from changing lanes

while operating any type of vehicle on the roadway. Check your mirrors,

glance over your left shoulder to cover your blind spot, and signal before

moving into the opposite lane. You may need to accelerate, but should

not exceed the speed limit. Passing is very similar to changing lanes. For

both maneuvers, make sure you have enough time and space to change

lanes or pass safely.

Rear brake onlyRear brake only

Front brake onlyFront brake only

Both brakesBoth brakes

IOWA MOPED OPERATOR’S MANUAL • MASTER THE SKILLS

6k: Group riding

If you ride with others, do it in a way that promotes

safety. Small groups are easier for other trac to get

around. Never operate directly alongside another

rider. There is no place to go to avoid something on

the road. A staggered formation maintains an ad-

equate space cushion. Single le formation would be

used when riding through curves, turning or exiting a

highway.

6l: Stopping

For a smooth stop, roll o of the throttle as you

squeeze both brakes. Using both brakes for “normal”

stops will enable you to develop the proper habit or

skill of using both brakes if you need to stop quickly.

Remember to apply maximum braking for every stop.

6m: Parking

Park your moped so you can easily get out when you

are ready to ride again. Parking is simple unless you

are on an unfavorable terrain, such as loose gravel

or soft dirt. Place a side stand puck or crushed soda

can under your stand to stabilize your moped when

parked.

6n: Dismounting

Dismounting is very similar to mounting. Squeeze the

rear brake lever and swing your right leg over the rear

of your moped or through the center of the moped

frame. Using your engine cuto to shut down your

moped is a good habit to practice. Remember to turn

the ignition switch to o.

Review questions

1. What is the four-step process for turning your

moped?

2. Explain the counter-steering technique.

3. Why is it important to have good posture when

riding your moped?

4. True or false. If you lock your rear wheel, you

should keep it locked?

5. What three things should you do before

changing lanes or passing a vehicle?

6. Why is it unsafe to ride side by side on your

moped?

7. TRAFFIC SIGNS AND SIG-

IOWA MOPED OPERATOR’S MANUAL • TRAFFIC SIGNS AND SIGNALS

Notes

NALS

There are trac rules that govern where, when and how fast you can

drive. These rules help to keep trac moving safely. Rules of the road

include trac controls, lane controls, right-of-way laws and parking rules.

Trac signs indicate trac laws, hazards, where you are, how to get where

you are going, and where services are located. The shape and color of

these signs give clues to the type of information they provide.

Trac controls include trac signals, trac signs and pavement mark-

ings. Trac control can also be provided by law enforcement, highway

personnel or school crossing guards. You must obey directions from these

persons.

7a: Trac signs

Standard colors

Red

Stop, yield or do what is shown on the sign.

Green

Direction. These signs tell where a place is located, or dis-

tance from where you are.

Blue

Services for travelers. These signs direct you to places such

as rest areas, tourist sites, hospitals, hotels, gas sta tions, eat-

ing places, camp grounds or picnic areas.

Yellow

General warning.

Fluorescent yellow-green

Pedestrian, bicycle and school warning signs. This color is

much easier to see in low light and foggy/rainy weather.

White

These signs tell you about regulations, en forceable laws and

ordinances.

Orange

Road work and maintenance warnings. Be sure to watch for

workers on the road.

Brown

Recreation and cultural points of interest. These signs point

out historical sites, parks or recreational areas.

IOWA MOPED OPERATOR’S MANUAL • TRAFFIC SIGNS AND SIGNALS

Standard Shapes

Octagon - stop

Come to a full stop at an intersection controlled by this sign. Stop at the marked stop

line or before entering the crosswalk or before your vehicle enters the intersection. Let

other vehi cles or pedes trians pass if they are in your path.

Equilateral triangle

Yield the right of way. Slow down and let vehi cles crossing your path go by. If necessary,

stop before going ahead. If pedestri ans are in or about to enter the crosswalk, stop until

they have crossed the roadway, then proceed.

Pennant

This sign will be on the left-hand side of the road or high way. It warns you of a no

pass ing zone.

Diamond

Warning. These signs alert you to special road hazards. Words or pictures on the sign

will show you why you need to slow down or use extra cau tion.

Rectangle

Regulatory or guide. Vertical signs indicate what you should or should not do. Horizon-

tal signs give directions or information about services drivers may want.

Pentagon

School crossing. Signs mark school areas and school crossings. The color of this sign

may also be yellow.

Crossbuck

Railroad crossing signs are placed at each crossing. A number sign under the crossbucks

shows how many sets of train tracks you must cross.

Circle

Railroad crossing ahead. These signs give you early warning of railroad crossings.

IOWA MOPED OPERATOR’S MANUAL • TRAFFIC SIGNS AND SIGNALS

Notes

7b: Warning signs

These signs are yellow with black lettering or symbols and most are

diamond-shaped. These signs warn you to slow down and be prepared

to stop if necessary; a special situation or hazard is ahead. Some common

warning signs are shown below.

Intersection/Crossroad

There is another road ahead which crosses the road

you are on. Watch carefully for cross trac in your

path.

Signal ahead

These signs are used on roads with higher speeds. Be

ready for an intersection and a stop light.

Merging trac

If you are on the main road and see this sign, be pre-

pared for other cars and trucks merging into your lane

Two-way trac

Keep to the right because you are leaving a one-way

road and entering a two-way road.

Divided highway begins

You are getting close to the place where two-way

trac will be divided by a center strip.

Divided highway ends

Two-way trac will no longer be divided by a center

strip. Watch out for oncoming vehicles.

IOWA MOPED OPERATOR’S MANUAL • TRAFFIC SIGNS AND SIGNALS

Merge left

Two lanes of trac will soon be-

come one lane of trac. Right lane

trac must yield when merging.

Gradual right curve

Road ahead curves gradually to

the right. Be prepared for the

change in direction.

Farm machinery

Farm equipment may be crossing

the road. Be ready to slow down for

slow moving equipment.

Slippery when wet

Road ahead becomes slippery in

wet weather. Slow down under

these conditions.

Pedestrian crossing

Watch out for people who might

walk or run in front of you.

Chevron sign

Used in addition to the curve

signs when there is a need to

draw added attention to a change

in the road’s direction.

Deer crossing

There may be deer attempting to

cross the roadway in the area. Slow

down and watch carefully.

Ramp speed

The recommended speed on an

exit ramp.

Hill

The sign is a warning to all

vehicles that the road ahead goes

down a hill. You should check your

brakes before going down the hill.

Advance school crossing

You are nearing a school area with

a crossing. Watch for children and

the marked school crossing. The

color of this sign may be yellow.

T-intersection ahead

The road you are on does not go

straight ahead. Prepare to turn right

or left.

School crossing

Watch out children. Reduce

speed. Obey crossing guard

signals. Look out for children play-

ing. The color of this sign may also

be yellow.

Horse-drawn vehicle

Be alert for slow-moving horse-

drawn vehicles on the roadway.

Reduce your speed and pass slowly.

School bus stop ahead

Watch for children. Be prepared

to stop. You are nearing an area

where a stopped school bus will

pick up or discharge passengers.

IOWA MOPED OPERATOR’S MANUAL • TRAFFIC SIGNS AND SIGNALS

Notes

7c: Regulation signs

These signs give you information about rules for trac direction, lane

use, turning, speed, parking and other special situations.

Some regulation signs have a red circle with a red slash over a symbol.

These indicate you cannot do something; for example, no left turn, no

right turn or no U-turn.

Speed limit signs

These signs indicate the maximum or minimum safe speed that is al-

lowed. The maximum limits are for ideal conditions and you must reduce

your speed when conditions require it, such as when the roadway is

slippery (during rain) or it is dicult to see clearly down the road (during

fog). Some high-speed roads have minimum speed limits. If your moped

cannot maintain the minimum posted speed, you cannot operate your

vehicle on that road. Mopeds may not operate on the intersate.

Lane control signs

These signs mark where you can go and where you can turn, and often

use an arrow symbol. The signs are along the road or hanging over the

road. Sometimes arrows may be painted on the road.

IOWA MOPED OPERATOR’S MANUAL • TRAFFIC SIGNS AND SIGNALS

Passing signs

These signs mark where it may be safe to pass another vehicle and where you can-

not. Passing areas are based on how far you can see ahead. They consider unseen

hazards, such as intersections, driveways and other places a vehicle may enter the

roadway. The signs indicate where you may pass, the beginning and ending of a

passing zone, or where you may not pass. Where passing is allowed, you may do so

only if it is safe.

Stop sign

A stop sign is red, with white letters, and has eight sides. It means you must come

to a full stop. You must wait until crossing vehi cles and pedestrians have cleared.

You must stop at the stop line if one is present. If necessary, you may then pull

forward to the stop sign or the edge of the inter sec tion and then proceed when it

is safe to do so.

Yield sign

A yield sign is shaped like a downward point ing trian gle. It is red and white with

red letters. It means you must slow down and yield the right of way to tra c in the

intersec tion you are crossing or road way you are entering.

Keep right

The road ahead is divided. Stay on the right side of the island or barrier.

Wrong way

You made a wrong turn and have entered a lane of oncoming trac. Get out at the

safest and quickest place possible.

One way

Trac moves only in the direction of the arrow.

Do not enter sign

A square sign with a white horizontal line inside a red circle means you cannot en-

ter. You will see this sign at roadway openings you are not to enter and when trac

is one way against you. You will see them at exit ramps, in crossovers on divided

roadways and at numerous loca tions on one-way roads.

IOWA MOPED OPERATOR’S MANUAL • TRAFFIC SIGNS AND SIGNALS

Notes

7d: Slow-moving vehicle sign

A reective orange triangle on the rear of a vehi cle

means it is traveling 35 mph or less. You may see this

sign on road work equip ment, farm vehi cles, horse-

drawn wag ons or car riages. It appears as a solid or-

ange triangle by day and hollow red triangle at night.

7e: Guide signs

These signs are square or rectangu-

lar shaped, and are green or brown

with white lettering. They show

directions and distance to various

locations or areas, such as cities,

air ports or state lines; or to special

areas, such as national parks, histori-

cal areas or museums.

7f: Service signs

These signs are square or rectangular shaped, and

are blue with white let ters or symbols. They show

the location of various services, such as rest areas,

gas stations, campgrounds or hospitals.

7g: Route signs

The shape of route signs indicate the type of road way, such as interstate,

U.S. highway, state or county. When plan ning a trip, use a highway map

to determine your route. During the trip, follow the route signs. This will

help you stay on your route.

IOWA MOPED OPERATOR’S MANUAL • TRAFFIC SIGNS AND SIGNALS

Left-Turn Signal Head

The left-turn signal head has four

signals.

1) Steady red arrow

Drivers turning left must stop

and wait.

2) Steady yellow arrow

The left-turn signal is about

to turn red. Do not enter the

intersection if you can stop

safely. Complete your left turn

if you are already within the

intersection.

3) Flashing yellow arrow

Yield to oncoming trac and pedestrians; then

turn left proceeding with caution. Oncoming traf-

c has a green light.

4) Steady green arrow

Drivers can proceed with the left turn. Oncoming

trac must stop. Do not go straight.

7i: Railroad crossings

• Motorists must use extra caution at railroad

crossings. Trains cannot stop quickly.

• Never try to beat a train across the tracks. Even if

it is a tie, you will be the loser.

• It is not wise to shift gears when crossing railroad

tracks; you might stall.

• Never stop your vehicle on the railroad tracks.

Advance warning signs and pavement markings

indicate railroad tracks cross the road ahead. Be

prepared to stop before you get to the tracks if a train

is approach ing the crossing. Pave ment markings are

a large “X” with the letters “RR” on the road. These

marks are not used at all cross ings.

7h: Trac signals

Red

Come to a complete stop at the

stop line or before entering the

intersec tion.

Yellow

Do not enter the intersec tion if

you can stop safely. If you cannot

stop safely, proceed through the

inter section with caution. A yel-

low light warns pedes trians there

is not enough time to cross the

street. Any one crossing the street

on a yellow light shall yield the

right of way to all vehi cles.

Green

Go, but only when the intersection is clear. You

must yield to vehicles and pedestri ans in the intersec-

tion. When the light changes, trac may be caught in

the intersec tion. You must give them the right of way

while they clear the intersec tion.

Yellow arrow

Do not enter the intersection if you can stop safely. If

you cannot stop safely, proceed only in the direc-

tion of the arrow.

Green arrow

Drive only in the direction of the arrow. Yield the right

of way to other vehicles and pedestri ans already in

the intersec tion.

Flashing red

Treat it the same as a stop sign.

Flashing yellow

Proceed with caution. Yield to vehicles

and pedestrians, and proceed when it

is safe.

Railroad/highway/side road intersection

IOWA MOPED OPERATOR’S MANUAL • TRAFFIC SIGNS AND SIGNALS

Notes

Crossbuck signs

These signs have been put at many public railroad cross-

ings. This sign means look both ways, listen for and yield to

trains. A number sign under the crossbuck indicates there

is more than one set of tracks following the sign.

Flashing light signals

These signals may be used with crossbucks. Stop when the

lights are ashing. Do not cross until you can do it safely. If

there is more than one track, be careful to watch for trains

from either the same or opposite direc tion.

Gates

Gates are used with ashing lights at some crossings. Stop

when the lights start to ash before the gate

goes down. Remain stopped until the gates

go up and the lights stop ashing. Never drive around the

gates. It is dangerous and against the law. Railroad gates

and warning lights are to alert you that a train is in the

area. You may collide with a train if you go onto the tracks.

It is against the law to pass any vehicle within 100 feet of a

railroad crossing.

Required stops

All school buses, vehicles

carrying passengers for hire

and vehicles required to be placarded for hazardous materi-

als must stop within 15 to 50 feet of railroad tracks before

crossing. If a law enforcement ocer or highway trac signal

directs highway trac to proceed, you do not have to stop. You also do

not have to stop if the crossing is marked with an “EXEMPT” sign.

Review questions

1. What other trac controls must you obey besides trac signals,

trac signs and pavement markings?

2. What are the standard colors for trac signs?

3. Where should you stop at a stop sign?

4. How can you tell how many sets of train tracks you will be

crossing?

5. How can you tell a warning sign from other posted signs?

6. What does a ashing red light mean?

7. What does a ashing yellow light mean?

Flashing

lights

Gates with ashing lights

IOWA MOPED OPERATOR’S MANUAL • DISTANCE DETECTION AND S.E.E.

8. DISTANCE DETECTION

Now that you have the basics, it is time to discuss

more advanced techniques you can use to stay safe.

8a: Distance detection

If you are riding a moped, more than likely you will

be riding with other trac. That is where distance

detection comes in. Distance detection is the science

of putting time and space between you and potential

hazards. A cushion of space is created.

There are three distance detection zones you should

remain aware of while operating your moped:

1. A two-second following distance.

2. A four-second immediate path.

3. A 12-second anticipated path.

Two-second following distance

Regardless of what speed you are traveling, you

always need a minimum of two seconds between you

and the vehicle in front of you. Calculate your two-

second following distance by nding a xed object

ahead of you, like a mailbox. Begin counting when

the vehicle in front of you passes that object, one-

Mississippi, two-Mississippi ... stop counting when

you pass the same object. Two seconds is the mini-

mum following distance for ideal weather and road

conditions.

Allowing more space increases the time you have to

react and execute the appropriate maneuver.

Four-second immediate path

A four-second immediate path means you should be

ready to stop for anything four seconds ahead of you.

12-second anticipated path

Your 12-second anticipated path is the distance you

need to scan ahead for potential hazards. It may seem

like a long time, but it will give you the time and space

you need to react.

8b: SEE: Search, evaluate and execute

Once you have developed your distance detection

skills, the next step to becoming a safe moped opera-

tor is practicing the mental strategy, SEE.

• Search

• Evaluate

• Execute

Use your distance detection to aggressively search

the roadway. Check areas to the side and rear. Use

your mirror frequently and do a head check for those

areas that are in your blind spot.

Evaluate

Evaluate what you see. Assess the situation and pre-

dict potential hazards. It is important to use good risk

management skills so you can gure out what time

and space you will require to maintain your safety

margin.

Execute

Finally, execute the appropriate response. Execution

is the action you will take to avoid a potentially dan-

gerous situation. Execution usually involves adjusting

your speed or changing your lane position. Whatever

you do, be sure to communicate your intentions.

Negotiating a curve is a great opportunity to search,

evaluate and execute. Search the roadway. Scan the

road surface, shoulder area and anticipated path of

travel.

IOWA MOPED OPERATOR’S MANUAL • DISTANCE DETECTION AND S.E.E.

Notes

Evaluate possible hazards. Consider the angle of the curve and what

could lie ahead of it.

Execute. The rider reacts by using the slow, look, press and roll tech-

nique that was discussed earlier. Lane position is also adjusted. The

outside/inside/outside path of travel technique helps the operator see

farthest around the corner and decreases the severity of the curve’s

angle.

SEE is a constant process when riding a moped. However, as you con-

tinue to practice searching, evaluating and executing it will become

automatic.

Visibility is the number one issue facing moped operators. Because

mopeds are so much smaller, they are dicult to spot in trac and their

speed is hard for other motorists to judge. The key to being seen is riding

smart. In addition to wearing brightly colored clothing, moped opera-

tors use lane positioning, braking, signaling, headlights and their horn to

make themselves visible to other road users.

Review questions

1. What is meant by cushion of space?

2. What are the three distance detection zones that riders should

remain aware of at all times? Explain each of them.

3. Explain how to calculate a two-second distance detection zone.

4. How should you search?

5. What are the three steps taken when executing your decision?

6. To safely maneuver a curve, what should be considered?

IOWA MOPED OPERATOR’S MANUAL • VISIBILITY

9. VISIBILITY

9a: Lane positioning

Lane positioning is one

of the most important

things you can do to

be seen and extremely

important when ap-

proaching or entering

an intersection. Your

position on the road-

way is important to

your safety. Within the

trac lane, stay where

you CAN SEE AND BE

SEEN. A well thought-

out lane choice can

increase your margin of

safety and provide the

maximum cushion of

space between you and the other trac. Never hide

among other vehicles.

Ride so other motorists with a limited view of the

road can see you. Stay out of people’s blind spots. The

no-zone is a term associated with semitrailer, truck

trac. Stay out of their no-zone area. If you cannot

see their mirrors, they can not see you either. Lane

position should be adjusted constantly to adapt to

changes in trac.

9b: Braking

Being seen in trac also means alerting other road

users to your intentions, especially when slowing

or stopping. Rolling back the throttle may slow you,

but using your brakes shows the vehicle behind you

that you are slowing down. When slowing or coming

to a stop, check your mirrors to be sure the driver or

rider following you is paying attention. Flashing your

brakes when coming to a stop may also be helpful in

alerting other motorists.

9c: Signaling

Turn signals draw attention to you and communicate

your intentions to other road users. Just remember to

cancel them after the maneuver is completed.

9d: Headlight use

In addition to turn signals and brake lights, moped

operators use their headlight to increase their vis-

ibility among trac. Riding with your headlight on,

even during the day, greatly increases visibility and is

required by Iowa law. Your horn can also be used to

draw attention to your presence. However, do not rely

on it. It is not very loud and can be easily drowned out

by loud radios and other distractions.

9e: Night riding

Riding at night is a skill that should be reserved for ex-

perienced moped riders. Only after you feel extreme-

ly comfortable with the basics should you test your

skills by riding at night. It is wise to lower your speed

at night. Visibility is decreased and going slower will

give you more time and space to react to unexpected

situations. Wearing bright colors and reective gear

will greatly increase your visibility.

One of the most important things to remember when

riding at night is not to over drive your headlight. In

other words, your total stopping distance should not

exceed the length of your light beam.

Review questions

1. True or false. Proper lane positioning relies on

the rider’s ability to remain in one constant

position. Why or why not?

2. What is the no-zone?

3. What is the best way for moped operators to

communicate their intentions to surrounding

road users?

4. What is over-driving your headlight?

IOWA MOPED OPERATOR’S MANUAL • HAZARDS

Notes

10. HAZARDS

Hazards for moped operators are everywhere. Factors such as wind, rain,

oil, potholes, debris, metal, and painted surfaces like railroad tracks and

crosswalks can mean serious trouble for moped operators.

10a: Wind

Because your moped is lighter and more responsive, strong winds pose a

serious safety concern. Lean into the wind to increase stability. Be aware

that if you pass by trees or a building and the wind is cut o, your moped

could go into the other lane. Keep your moped on the side of the lane

the wind is coming from just in case a big blast moves you across the

lane. If you are having diculty controlling your moped, please pull over.

Wait for the wind to die down or call for a ride.

10b: Wet surfaces

Wind is not the only element that poses a threat to moped riders. There

is also rain. The most dangerous time to ride your moped is right after it

begins to rain. Oil residue on the roadway mixes with water and rises to

the road’s surface, making riding conditions extremely slippery and caus-

ing vehicles to hydroplane. Visit a friend or grab a soda while you wait

for the oil to wash away. When you get back on the road, slow down to

allow yourself more time and space to react to hazards. It is more dicult

to see and to be seen in the rain, and your moped will take longer to stop

on wet surfaces.

10c: Slippery surfaces

To pass safely over slippery surfaces, remember to SEE – search, evaluate

and execute. Search your 12-second anticipated path for slippery road

surfaces. Assess the situation to determine your response and execute

your maneuver. Always brake before you reach the slippery surface. Brak-

ing on a slippery surface is likely to cause a crash. Coast over the slippery

surface in a straight line, keeping your body upright and wheels straight.

10d: Crossing hazards safely

Avoid hazards whenever possible. However, many times potholes,

bumps and road debris are unavoidable. Slow down as much as you

can and approach the object at a 90-degree angle, if possible. Slightly

rise o the seat and shift your weight to the rear, keeping your knees

bent. Speed up slightly as you connect with the object, then release the

throttle and coast over it. Sit back down and continue your journey.

IOWA MOPED OPERATOR’S MANUAL • HAZARDS

10e: Animals

Hazards for moped riders come in many dierent

shapes and forms. Some even have four legs. Animals

on the road pose problems for all vehicles, but are

especially dangerous for moped operators. To safely

avoid a dog in your path of travel, slow down until

you are close to it, then honk your horn and acceler-

ate past. Remember to always watch for deer crossing

the roadway, especially during late fall when deer are

on the move in search of food and a mate. If you see

one deer, chances are more are soon to follow.

10f: Crossing railroad tracks

Railroad crossings require extra caution. Trains can-

not stop quickly and create an optical illusion, which

makes a train appear farther away than it actually is.

Never try to beat a train across the tracks. Never stop

your moped on the railroad tracks. Obey all signs

and signals posted on or near railroad tracks. It is also

important to remember that rail grade crossings can

be very slippery. Remember to use the SEE principle

discussed earlier in this unit.

10g: Hand-held phone use

It is highly dangerous to divide your attention from

the task of driving by using hand-held phones, text

messaging devices and electronic entertainment

devices.

It is unlawful for any driver in Iowa to read, write or

send a text message while driving. Before using a

hand-held electronic communication device to write,

send or read a text message, the vehicle must be

brought to a complete stop o the traveled portion

of the roadway. Exceptions to reading a text message

are limited to:

• A member of a public safety agency performing

ocial duties.

• A health care professional in the course of an

emergency situation.

• A person receiving safety-related information,

including emergency, trac or weather alerts.

It is unlawful for persons under the age of 18 operat-

ing a motor vehicle with a minor restricted license, in-

struction permit, intermediate license or minor school

license to use an electronic communication

device (including hand-held phones) or an electronic

entertainment device unless the vehicle is at a com-

plete stop o the traveled portion of the roadway.

Expect the unexpected when riding a moped. Haz-

ards are everywhere and can have serious conse-

quences if not dealt with properly. Use the skills you

have learned in this course to minimize the risk of the

hazards you may encounter.

Review questions

1. If you are traveling north and the wind is

blowing from the east, what side of the lane

should you be traveling on?

2. When is it most dangerous during a rain? Why?

3. Explain how to safely pass over a slippery

surface.

4. When should you be most alert for deer

crossing the roadway?

5. Why is it dangerous to use your mobile phone

while operating your moped?

IOWA MOPED OPERATOR’S MANUAL • IMPAIRED DRIVING

Notes

11. IMPAIRED DRIVING

Operating your moped under the inuence of alcohol, drugs or other

narcotics is strictly prohibited and doing so will cost you your driving

privileges, thousands of dollars in nes, and high insurance rates; or

possibly your life or that of others.

Riding a moped takes skill and a high degree of mental alertness. Drugs

and alcohol impair your perception, reexes and willingness to cooper-

ate with other road users.

Iowa has an Implied Consent law, which means a law enforcement

ocer can ask you to submit to a breath, urine or blood test to deter-

mine your blood alcohol concentration or “BAC.” The current BAC level is

0.08 for anyone age 21 or older. If you are 21 or older and plan to drink,

keep in mind that it takes a long time for the eects of alcohol to be

cleared from your body – roughly one hour for each bottle of beer, glass

of wine or shot of liquor. If you are under 21 years old, Iowa has a zero

tolerance policy, meaning any trace of alcohol will result in nes, the loss

of your driver’s license and other negative consequences.

If you know someone is about to drive impaired, take the keys and help

your friend nd a safe ride home. Groups are often most eective at dis-

suading someone from driving impaired.

Many of you would never make the decision to drink or use drugs. How-

ever, it is important to understand when you become a licensed driver,

no matter what type of vehicle, the decisions you make every second,

no matter how big or small, will aect the rest of your life and the lives of

others.

Review questions

1. Name some of the consequences of operating your moped while

under the inuence of drugs or alcohol.

2. What are three mental or physical states that are aected by

alcohol use?

3. What does the Iowa Implied Consent law mean?

4. True or false. When attempting to stop someone from driving

impaired you should approach them by yourself and privately

address the issue.

5. How long does it take for the aects of alcohol to be cleared from

the body?

6. What blood alcohol concentration (BAC) is allowed by law for

anyone under the age of 21?

IOWA MOPED OPERATOR’S MANUAL • ENJOY THE RIDE

12. ENJOY THE RIDE

Riding a moped is a constant learning experience. Be a life-long learner; wear proper protective gear and

ride within your personal limits.

It only takes one mistake or lapse in judgement to aect the rest of your life. Operating a motor vehicle is a

serious responsibility and should be treated as such.

Be smart, and use what you have learned in this manual to stay safe. Just do not forget to enjoy the ride.

IOWA MOPED OPERATOR’S MANUAL • GLOSSARY

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Alcohol – a depressant drug consumed as a beverage

Attitude – a feeling or emotion regarding a fact

BAC (blood alcohol concentration) – percentage by volume of alcohol in the bloodstream

Centrifugal – the force that tends to impel a thing or parts of a thing outward from a center of rotation

Conspicuous – easily seen by others; highly visible

Counter-steer – a momentary steering deection away from the intended direction of travel accomplished

by pressing on the handgrip in the direction of the turn; used to produce a lean in the desired direction (press

right, lean right, go right; press left, lean left, go left)

Crash – to fall, land or hit with destructive force; an unexpected and undesirable event

Distance detection zones – basis of a strategy to use the eyes and mind to reduce/manage risk: two-second

following distance; four-second immediate path; 12-second anticipated path

DOT – Department of Transportation – federal law requires that all helmets sold in the United States meet U.S.

DOT performance standards; check the label on the helmet before you buy

Head check – before committing to any action when driving you have to move your head to check that the

way is clear

Hydroplaning – loss of traction caused by a build-up of water, oil and dirt under the tires, especially when rain

rst begins to fall

Hypothermia – subnormal body temperature due to the cooling eects of cold and wind on exposed skin

Legal limit – blood alcohol content (BAC) level designated by a state as the level at which a person is legally

intoxicated

No-zone – the area around a truck or other vehicle that cannot be seen in the vehicle’s mirror

Peripheral vision – area to the sides of your line of sight that can be seen while looking straight ahead

Retroreective – ability of a surface to reect light; a term for clothing and signs referred to in the manual

Responsible – able to answer for one’s conduct and obligation

SEE – an acronym for a dynamic strategy for seeing and being seen: Search, Evaluate, Execute

Space cushion – a margin of safety created by adding space between your vehicle and the one ahead or to

the sides

Tailgating – following at a distance of less than two seconds

T–CLOCS – an acronym for the moped preride inspection checklist: tires and wheels; controls; lights and

electronics; oil and other uids; chassis; stand (side or center)

Visibility – ability to see and/or be seen

IOWA MOPED OPERATOR’S MANUAL • FINAL EXAM

FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS

Please circle the correct answer.

1. T-CLOCS is a way to remember:

a) The three lead times.

b) Preride inspection.

c) Start-up procedure.

2. The greatest chance for conict with other trac is:

a) At intersections.

b) Passing another vehicle.

c) Leaving your driveway.

3. A rain-slick surface:

a) Allows for better traction.

b) More fun than a dry surface.

c) Is most slippery during the rst 1/2 hour of rain because of road residue.

4. Carrying a passenger:

a) Aects moped handling.

b) Can make your moped more stable.

c) Is against the law.

5. The best way to achieve maximum braking is to:

a) Apply both brakes without locking either wheel.

b) Use only the front brake because that supplies the most stopping power.

c) Lock the rear wheel and apply some front brake.

6. What type of injury is most commonly associated with fatalites in a crash?

a) Leg

b) Head

c) Arm

7. SEE stands for:

a) Search, Estimate, Escape.

b) See , Evaluate, Escape.

c) Search, Evaluate, Execute.

Final score __________

IOWA MOPED OPERATOR’S MANUAL • FINAL EXAM

8. What ocial sticker is found on an approved helmet?

a) DOT

b) MOP

c) BRC

9. Hypothermia occurs when:

a) You do not wear protective gear.

b) Body temperature is below normal.

c) Winds reach 25 mph.

10. The minimum recommended following distance is:

a) Four seconds.

b) 12 seconds.

c) Two seconds.

11. If a dog runs toward you while riding, you should:

a) Honk your horn.

b) Kick at the dog.

c) Stop suddenly.

12. What is the no-zone?

a) Somewhere you cannot ride your moped.

b) A large truck’s blind spot.

c) The middle of a lane.

13. If someone has three alcoholic drinks, approximately how long will it take to leave the body?

a) Two hours

b) Six hours

c) Three hours

14. A full-coverage helmet is preferred over other styles because:

a) Provides more protection.

b) You can see better.

c) You are more visible in trac.

IOWA MOPED OPERATOR’S MANUAL • FINAL EXAM

15. Most crashes are caused by:

a) The other driver.

b) Riding at night.

c) Multiple factors.

16. You must carry this with you when you ride your moped:

a) Proof of insurance.

b) Proof of completion of this course.

c) A passenger.

17. You should wear high-visibility clothing:

a) Only at night.

b) So you can be seen by other drivers more easily.

c) Because it makes you look cool.

18. Good riding posture includes:

a) Arms and elbows are straight.

b) Wrist is in the up position.

c) Head and eyes are up.

19. A ashing red light is the same as:

a) A yield sign.

b) A do not enter sign.

c) A stop sign.

20. At a railroad crossing you should:

a) Check for approaching trains.

b) Continue because the lights are not ashing.

c) Stop everytime.

21. When you know someone has been drinking:

a) Approach him/her in a group, take the keys and nd him/her a safe way home.

b) Argue with them.

c) Make them stay over night.

22. Hydroplaning occurs when:

a) You follow another vehicle too closely.

b) Water washes o the pavement.

c) Water builds up under the tires.

IOWA MOPED OPERATOR’S MANUAL • FINAL EXAM

23. Swerving consists of:

a) Two consecutive turns.

b) Braking to miss a hazard.

c) Two slow turns.

24. When changing lanes on a moped:

a) There is no need to do a head check.

b) Check your mirrors, glance over your shoulder to check your blindspot and signal your intentions.

c) Signals are not required if no one is there.

IOWA MOPED OPERATOR MANUAL • IMPAIRED DRIVING

IOWA MOPED OPERATOR’S MANUAL • DRIVER’S LICENSE CONTENT

IOWA CODE 321.189(7) DRIVER’S LICENSE CONTENT

7. Motorized bicycle.

a. The department may issue a driver’s license valid only for operation of a motorized bicycle to a person fourteen

years of age or older who has passed a vision test or who les a vision report as provided in section 321.186A

which shows that the applicant’s visual acuity level meets or exceeds those required by the department and

who passes a written examination on the rules of the road. A person under the age of sixteen applying for a

driver’s license valid only for operation of a motorized bicycle shall also be required to successfully complete a

motorized bicycle education course approved and established by the department or successfully complete an

approved motorized bicycle education course at a private or commercial driver education school licensed by

the department. A public school district shall charge a student a fee which shall not exceed the actual cost of

instruction. A driver’s license valid only for operation of a motorized bicycle entitles the licensee to operate a

motorized bicycle upon the highway while having the license in the licensee’s immediate possession. The license

is valid for a period not to exceed two years from the licensee’s birthday anniversary in the year of issuance, subject

to termination or cancellation as provided in this section.

b. A driver’s license valid only for operation of a motorized bicycle shall be canceled upon a conviction for a moving

trac violation and reapplication may be made thirty days after the date of cancellation. The cancellation of the

license upon conviction for a moving trac violation shall not result in requiring the applicant to maintain proof

of nancial responsibility under section 321A.17, unless the conviction would otherwise result in a suspension

or revocation of a person’s driver’s license.

c. As used in this section, “moving trac violation” does not include a parking violation as dened in section

321.210 or a violation of a section of the Code or municipal ordinance pertaining to standards to be maintained

for motor vehicle equipment except sections 321.430 and 321.431, or except a municipal ordinance pertaining

to motor vehicle brake requirements as applicable to motorized bicycles.

d. The holder of any class of driver’s license may operate a motorized bicycle.

e. A person who violates this subsection commits a simple misdemeanor.

IAC 7/2/08 Transportation[761] Ch 636, p.1

CHAPTER 636

MOTORIZED BICYCLE RIDER EDUCATION

761—636.1(321) Information and location. Applications, forms and information regarding this

chapter are available by mail from the Oce of Driver Services, Iowa Department of Transportation,

P.O. Box 9204, Des Moines, Iowa 50306-9204; in person at 6310 SE Convenience Blvd., Ankeny,

Iowa; by telephone at 515-237-3153; or by facsimile at 515-237-3071.

761—636.2(321) Denitions.

“Approved course” means the motorized bicycle rider education course approved by the department.

“Sponsor” means an entity that delivers the approved course.

761—636.3 Reserved.

761—636.4(321) Agencies or institutions. Any school district, area education agency, merged area

school, other agency or individual planning to oer a motorized bicycle rider education course must

receive course approval from the department prior to the beginning of the rst class that is oered

and annually thereafter. The agency or institution or individual shall complete a form provided by the

department to apply for course approval. Course approval will be issued for a calendar year or remainder

of a calendar year. The approval expires on December 31 and must be renewed annually.

761—636.5(321) Private or commercial sponsors. The department licenses private and commercial

sponsors oering motorized bicycle rider education.

636.5(1) Instructor and course approval. The department must approve the sponsor’s course and

instructors prior to the beginning of the rst class that is oered and annually thereafter.

636.5(2) Application and fees. Application for authorization or renewal shall be made to the

department on forms provided by the department. The fee for an authorization or a renewal is $25 for a

private or a commercial sponsor. The fee must be paid by cash, money order or check. A money order

or check must be for the exact amount and should be made payable to the Treasurer, State of Iowa, or

the Department of Transportation.

636.5(3) Issuance and renewal. Authorization to oer motorized bicycle rider education shall be

issued for a calendar year or remainder of a calendar year. The authorization expires on December 31

and must be renewed annually.

636.5(4) Cancellation. The authorization to teach motorized bicycle rider education shall be

canceled if the course or instructors are no longer approved.

761—636.6 Reserved.

761—636.7(321) Course requirements.

636.7(1) Classroom instruction. An approved course shall consist of a minimum of six clock hours

of classroom instruction which includes the instructional components contained in subrule 636.7(3).

636.7(2) Driving instruction. Motorized bicycle rider driving experiences in addition to classroom

instruction are permissible, but not required.

636.7(3) Course content. The following instructional components shall be incorporated in every

motorized bicycle rider education course.

a. Operator and motorized bicycle preparation.

(1) Knowledge of Iowa driving laws.

(2) Knowledge of vehicle registration requirements.

(3) Vehicle inspection.

(4) Protective clothing and devices.

(5) Risk assessment.

(6) Route selection.

b. Basic control skills.

(1) Starting procedures.

(2) Speed control.

(3) Turning.

(4) Stopping.

c. Safe driving practices.

(1) Use of lights and warning devices.

(2) Signaling.

(3) Maintaining directional control.

(4) Perception skills and observation.

(5) Use of mirrors.

(6) Recognition of hazards.

(7) Speed control.

(8) Lane positioning.

(9) Concerns and conicts regarding intersections.

IOWA MOPED OPERATOR’S MANUAL • DRIVER’S LICENSE CONTENT

(10) Following distances.

(11) Lateral separation.

d. Complex situations.

(1) Limited visibility.

(2) Adverse weather.

(3) Critical situations.

(4) Malfunctions.

e. Motorized bicycle care.

(1) Inspection.

(2) Maintenance.

761—636.8(321) Teacher qualications. A teacher of an approved motorized bicycle rider education

course shall possess a valid license allowing unaccompanied driving other than a temporary restricted

license and shall be able to operate a motorized bicycle. A teacher must also have a clear driving record

for the previous two years. A clear driving record means the teacher has:

636.8(1) Not been identied as a candidate for driver’s license suspension under the habitual violator

provisions of rule 761—615.13(321) or the serious violation provisions of rule 761—615.17(321).

636.8(2) No driver’s license suspensions, revocations, denials, cancellations, disqualications or

bars.

636.8(3) Not committed an oense that would result in driver’s license suspension, revocation,

denial, cancellation, disqualication or bar.

636.8(4) No record of an accident for which the individual was convicted of a moving trac

violation.

761—636.9(321) Evaluation. Each student shall be evaluated to determine successful completion of the

course.

These rules are intended to implement Iowa Code section 321.189.

[Filed 3/10/04, Notice 2/4/04—published 3/31/04, eective 5/5/04]

[Filed 12/12/07, Notice 11/7/07—published 1/2/08, eective 2/6/08]

IOWA MOPED OPERATOR MANUAL • DISTANCE DETECTION AND S.E.E.

IOWA MOPED OPERATOR’S MANUAL • DRIVER’S LICENSE CONTENT

MM193 03/25/2022

Iowa Department of Transportation

800 Lincoln Way

Ames, Iowa 50010

515-239-1101

www.iowadot.gov

Federal and state laws prohibit employment and/or public accommodation discrimination on the

basis of age, color, creed, disability, gender identity, national origin, pregnancy, race, religion, sex,

sexual orientation or veteran’s status. If you believe you have been discriminated against, please

contact the Iowa Civil Rights Commission at 800-457-4416 or Iowa Department of Transporta-

tion’s armative action ocer. If you need accommodations because of a disability to access

the Iowa Department of Transportation’s services, contact the agency’s armative action ocer

at 800-262-0003.

Know when to stop or pass a school bus?

Traveling on a

two- or three-lane road

Traveling on a road with two

or more lanes in each direction

For more

information

about school

bus safety,

including penalties for

violation, visit:

iowadot.gov/schoolbus.

Not knowing could cost you your driver’s

license and a whole lot more.

Three-lane highway

Four-lane highway with center turn lane

Two-lane highway with center turn lane

Two-lane highway

Four-lane highway

Three-lane highway

Four-lane highway with center turn lane

Two-lane highway with center turn lane

Two-lane highway

Four-lane highway

Do more online and skip a trip.

Many of the services you receive at driver’s license

issuance sites are now available to you online, anytime.

Specialty and personalized plates.

Check availability of a personalized number/

letter combination and order your plates.

Online renewal

Renew your driver’s license or ID online.

Electronic renewal notication

it’s time to renew your driver’s license/ID.

To access online services,

visit www.iowadot.gov.

Mailing address change

Review or change your mailing address

on le with the Iowa DOT.

Driving record

Obtain a free, noncertied copy or

purchase a certied copy of your

driving record.