1
THE
WRITTEN TEST
The
FCTC
Written
T
e
s
t
w
a
s
d
eve
l
o
pe
d
by
t
h
e
C
a
li
f
o
r
n
i
a
F
i
r
e
fi
gh
t
e
r
J
o
i
n
t
A
pp
r
e
n
t
i
c
e
s
hip
C
o
mm
i
tt
ee (
C
a
l
-
J
A
C
).
PREPARING FOR THE WRITTEN TEST
The
FCTC Written Test
i
s
an entry-level, general
knowledge
t
e
s
t
with
qu
e
s
t
i
on
s
and exa
mpl
e
s
t
a
il
o
r
e
d
to
t
h
e job
of
a
firefighter. It
i
s
d
e
s
i
gn
e
d
to
assess
your
ability to
p
r
o
c
e
ss
information and
think
c
r
i
t
i
c
a
ll
y.
The goal
of
t
h
e
t
e
s
t
i
s
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e your
knowledge
in reading
c
o
mp
r
e
h
e
n
s
i
on
,
ability to
recall
d
e
t
a
il
e
d
v
i
s
u
a
l
and verbal
information,
ba
s
i
c
m
a
t
h
e
m
a
t
i
c
s
, and
m
e
c
h
a
n
i
c
a
l
r
ea
s
on
i
ng
(a
b
ili
t
y
to
und
e
r
s
t
a
nd
and apply mechanical
c
on
c
e
p
t
s
and
p
r
i
n
c
i
pl
e
s
).
The
t
e
s
t
i
ng
p
r
o
c
e
ss
s
t
a
r
t
s
with
a 30-
m
i
nu
t
e period in which
c
a
nd
i
d
a
t
e
s
are given
essays
to
r
ea
d
and
s
t
ud
y.
After
t
h
e reading period,
t
h
e
essays
are
c
o
ll
e
c
t
e
d,
and
t
h
e exam
b
e
g
i
n
s
i
mm
e
d
i
a
t
e
l
y.
C
a
nd
i
d
a
t
e
s
t
h
e
n
h
ave
two
hou
r
s
to
c
o
mpl
e
t
e 100
m
u
l
t
i
pl
e-
c
ho
i
c
e
qu
e
s
t
i
on
s
.
2
WRITTEN
TEST O
VE
R
V
IE
W
The
FCTC
Written
T
e
s
t
will cover
s
ub
j
e
c
t
m
a
tt
e
r
within
t
h
e
following
s
e
c
t
i
on
s
:
Recall and
Comprehend
Verbal and Visual
I
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
on (20 Questions)
T
h
i
s
s
e
c
t
i
on
r
e
qu
i
r
e
s
c
a
nd
i
d
a
t
e
s
to
w
a
t
c
h
two
s
ho
r
t
v
i
d
e
o
s
and a
n
s
w
e
r
qu
e
s
t
i
on
s
ba
s
e
d
on
t
h
e
s
c
e
n
a
r
io
s
p
re
s
e
n
t
e
d
.
Apply
M
ec
han
i
c
a
l
R
ea
so
n
i
ng (25 Questions)
T
h
i
s
s
e
c
t
i
on
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
s
p
r
o
bl
e
m
s
to eva
l
u
a
t
e a
c
a
nd
i
d
a
t
e
’
s
ability to
u
s
e
r
ea
s
on
to identify
d
e
t
a
il
s
within
s
p
e
c
i
fi
c
mechanical exa
mpl
e
s
. The
t
op
i
c
s
may include,
but
are not
limited to:
F
l
u
i
d
d
y
n
a
m
i
c
s
,
l
eve
r
s
,
belt
and pulley
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
, rope and pulley
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
, and
g
ea
r
s
.
Solve
M
a
t
he
m
a
t
i
c
a
l
Pr
ob
l
e
m
s (20 Questions)
The
m
a
t
h
s
e
c
t
i
on
c
o
ve
r
s
a
r
ea
s
s
u
c
h
as a
dd
i
t
i
on
,
s
ub
t
r
a
c
t
i
on
,
m
u
l
t
i
pl
i
c
a
t
i
on
,
d
i
v
i
s
i
on
, a
ng
l
e
s
, a
r
ea,
volume, algebra, and
t
h
e
u
s
e
of
d
e
c
i
m
a
l
s
,
fr
a
c
t
i
on
s
, and
p
e
r
c
e
n
t
ag
e
s
.
Recall and
Comprehend
Technical
Information from Written
M
a
t
e
r
i
a
ls (35 Questions
from
essay packet and test booklet
)
T
h
i
s
s
e
c
t
i
on
assesses
a
c
a
nd
i
d
a
t
e
’
s
ability to
recall
d
e
t
a
il
e
d
information
and
d
e
m
on
s
t
r
a
t
e
c
o
mp
r
e
h
e
n
s
i
o
n.
S
o
m
e
essays
are provided during
t
h
e
fi
r
s
t
30
m
i
nu
t
e
s
of
t
h
e exam period
and
s
o
m
e are
included in
t
h
e
t
e
s
t
boo
k
l
e
t
. The
essays
to
be read
at
t
h
e
beginning of
t
h
e exam
p
r
o
c
e
ss
cannot be
r
e
f
e
rr
e
d
to
during t
h
e
t
e
s
t
.
An
s
w
e
r
s
m
u
s
t
be
ba
s
e
d
on recall
of
m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
s
t
ud
i
e
d
du
r
i
ng
t
h
e 30
m
i
nu
t
e
s
a
ll
ot
t
e
d.
TESTING TIPS AND STRATEGIES
1.
L
is
t
en
c
a
r
e
f
u
ll
y
to
all
d
i
r
ec
t
i
on
s
.
A
s
k
qu
e
s
t
i
on
s
if
t
h
e
r
e
i
s
s
o
m
e
t
h
i
ng
you
don’t
und
e
r
s
t
a
n
d.
2. Read
the entire
que
s
t
i
on
fully
and
c
a
r
e
f
u
ll
y
.
Be
s
u
r
e
that
you know
what
t
h
e
qu
e
s
t
i
on
is asking
and
what
t
h
e
c
ho
i
c
e
s
are
.
P
e
o
pl
e
often
c
hoo
s
e wrong a
n
s
w
e
r
s
s
i
mpl
y
b
e
c
a
u
s
e
t
h
ey
f
a
il
e
d
to
r
ea
d
t
h
e
qu
e
s
t
i
on
in
i
t
s
e
n
t
i
r
e
t
y or
t
h
e provided a
n
s
w
e
r
s
carefully, or
b
e
c
a
u
s
e
t
h
ey
c
ho
s
e an a
n
s
w
e
r
b
e
f
o
r
e
reading all
op
t
i
on
s
.
3. Choose
the
answer
that
is
GENERALLY
be
s
t
.
An
s
w
e
r
according
to what
i
s
generally
o
r
u
s
u
a
ll
y
t
r
u
e, not by
what
would be
true
in
s
o
m
e
pa
r
t
i
c
u
l
a
r
case.
S
o
m
e
t
i
m
e
s
t
h
e
r
e
i
s
no a
n
s
w
e
r that
i
s
c
o
mpl
e
t
e, or exa
c
t
l
y
c
o
rr
e
c
t
, or a
l
w
ay
s
c
o
rr
e
c
t
. The
b
e
s
t
a
n
s
w
e
r
i
s
t
h
e one
that
i
s
r
i
gh
t
under
ordinary
c
ond
i
t
i
on
s
. Here
i
s
an
example:
The number
of
d
ay
s
in a year
i
s
:
A
.
365
B
.
366
C
.
367
D.
368
The
right a
n
s
w
e
r
i
s
t
h
e one
that w
a
s
true for
m
o
s
t
yea
r
s
, not
t
h
e one
that w
a
s
true for
leap yea
r
s
.
3
4. U
nde
r
s
t
and
that these
exams
aren’t
designed
to
t
r
i
c
k
you. The goal
of
t
h
e exam
i
s
t
o
m
ea
s
u
r
e
your
ba
s
i
c
knowledge
in reading
c
o
mp
r
e
h
e
n
s
i
on
,
ability to
recall
d
e
t
a
il
e
d
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
on
,
m
a
t
h
e
m
a
t
i
c
s
,
and mechanical
r
ea
s
on
i
ng
.
5. Use your
time
e
f
fi
c
i
en
t
l
y
.
The
FCTC
Written
T
e
s
t
i
s
not a
s
p
ee
d
t
e
s
t
but it
i
s
t
i
m
e
d.
C
a
nd
i
d
a
t
e
s
are
given 30
m
i
nu
t
e
s
to
read and review
t
h
e
essays
at
t
h
e
beginning,
and
two
hou
r
s
for
t
h
e remaining
t
e
s
t
.
Move along
at
a pace
that
will allow you
to
go back and check your a
n
s
w
e
r
s
. Begin the actual test with
the subject you excel at the most.
6.
Don’t
change answers
too
much. When in
doub
t
, your
fi
r
s
t
a
n
s
w
e
r
i
s
often
c
o
rr
e
c
t
.
An
s
w
e
r
s
that
are changed
too
many
t
i
m
e
s
may
r
e
s
u
l
t
in
t
h
e wrong a
n
s
w
e
r
.
E
li
m
i
n
a
t
e
c
ho
i
c
e
s
y
ou
know are
wrong. When you have
trouble
deciding on
t
h
e
b
e
s
t
a
n
s
w
e
r
but
have decided one
o
r two a
n
s
w
e
r
s
are
definitely
not
b
e
s
t
, avoid
further
c
on
s
i
d
e
r
a
t
i
on
of
t
ho
s
e and
c
on
c
e
n
t
r
a
t
e on
t
h
e a
n
s
w
e
r
s
you
think
might
be
c
o
rr
e
c
t
.
7. Be
mindful of
que
s
t
i
on
s
with
ab
so
l
u
t
e
s
.
S
u
s
p
e
c
t
that
s
o
m
e
t
h
i
ng
may be wrong
if
any
o
f t
h
e
a
n
s
w
e
r
s
provided
c
on
t
a
i
n
broad
s
t
a
t
e
m
e
n
t
s
or
w
o
r
d
s
like a
b
s
o
l
u
t
e
l
y, a
l
w
ay
s
,
c
o
mpl
e
t
e
l
y,
f
o
r
eve
r
,
infinite,
never, only,
s
o
l
e,
undeniable,
or
w
ho
ll
y.
8.
If
an
item
is in
the form of
an
i
n
c
o
m
p
l
e
t
e
s
t
a
t
e
m
en
t
,
it so
m
e
t
i
m
e
s
helps
to try
t
o
complete the
s
t
a
t
em
en
t
looking at
s
ugge
s
t
ed
answers. S
ee
if
t
h
e way you
h
ave
c
o
mpl
e
t
e
d
t
h
e
s
t
a
t
e
m
e
n
t
c
o
rr
e
s
pond
s
with
any
of
t
h
e a
n
s
w
e
r
s
provided.
If
one
i
s
f
ound
,
it
i
s
li
k
e
l
y
to
be
t
h
e
c
o
rr
e
c
t
on
e.
9.
Se
t
aside
time
daily
to prepare for the
test.
S
t
ud
y
with
a
friend
or a group
o
cc
a
s
i
on
a
ll
y;
t
h
e
exchange
of
i
d
ea
s
will help all involved. Look up new
w
o
r
d
s
in
t
h
e
d
i
c
t
i
on
a
r
y. Avoid
s
e
r
i
ou
s s
t
ud
y in a
po
s
i
t
i
on
or
l
o
c
a
t
i
on
that
i
s
too
c
o
m
f
o
r
t
a
bl
e.
10.
T
e
s
t
day.
F
a
m
ili
a
r
i
ze y
ou
r
s
e
l
f
with
t
h
e
t
e
s
t
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n.
A
l
s
o
check e
m
a
il
s
;
FCTC
will
s
e
nd
a
ll
d
e
t
a
il
s
regarding
parking and
building
i
n
s
t
r
u
c
t
i
on
s
.
C
a
nd
i
d
a
t
e
s
are a
d
v
i
s
e
d
to
arrive well within the
registration period, well
r
e
s
t
e
d
, and
p
r
e
pa
r
e
d.
STUDY MATERIALS
RECALL
AND COMPREHEND
TECHNICAL
I
N
F
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
FROM WRITTEN
MA
TE
R
I
A
LS
Essay Packets
Firefighters must read and comprehend volumes of technical materials. Nearly every working day includes
some training or education classes, drills or assignments. The subjects cover a broad range of topics that
include fire behavior, hazardous materials, chemistry, emergency medicine, building construction, response
considerations, apparatus and equipment use, maintenance and troubleshooting, just to name a few.
An essay packet is provided during the first 30 minutes of the exam period. The number of essays can range
from one to four. The essays are to be read at the beginning of the exam process, notes can be written on
the essays, including underlines, asterisks, even rewriting of certain parts to help you remember the
information. Once the 30 minutes are up all essays are collected. The essays cannot be referred to during
4
the remainder of the test. All note taking must be done on the essay packet and NOT and not on any other
testing materials. Answers to the questions from the essay packet must be based on recall of material
contained in the essays and not on any prior knowledge, schooling, academies or classes.
There can be anywhere between 15-20 questions from these essays and these questions will be contained in
the test booklet. The length of the essays is based on the ability to read at an average of 200 words per
minute. Candidates are given a five-minute warning before their 30-minute reading time is up.
Instructions for Sample Essay
Set a timer for 10 minutes. Read the essay, “Grooming Standards”, study it, make notes on it, and underline
items you think are important. Use the entire 10 minutes to study the essay. Once the time is up, put away
the essay and DO NOT refer to the essay when completing the questions later in this study guide.
Remember to only answer the corresponding questions after the rest of the study guide has been completed.
The goal is to test your ability to read material, comprehend the material and then be able to recall the
material later in the testing process.
GROOMING STANDARDS
All personnel shall conform to this standard and present a professional appearance at all times when on duty,
while representing the Department, and/or while wearing Department uniform apparel. Given the dynamic and
ever-changing nature of contemporary community standards, and the ever-fluid grooming styles of
contemporary pop culture, it is impossible to address precisely every potential grooming and appearance issue
that may arise. Therefore, when a situation arises that is not specifically addressed within the text of this
procedure, the Deputy Fire Chief is expected and empowered to exercise their best judgment and discretion in
the enforcement of the spirit and intent of this procedure.
Supervisors who determine that a subordinate’s hair, jewelry, uniform, or other appearance is not in
compliance with either the letter or the spirit and intent of this procedure, shall refer the case through the Chain
of Command to the Deputy Fire Chief. The Deputy Fire Chief is authorized to exercise their judgment and
discretion to decide the matter. They are empowered to direct the employee to make the necessary
modifications which, in the judgment of the Deputy Fire Chief, are necessary to bring the employee into
compliance. Employees disagreeing with the Deputy Fire Chief’s decision may appeal that decision, in writing,
to the Fire Chief. After considering all of the facts of each specific case, the Fire Chief shall render a decision.
The Fire Chief’s decision in the matter shall be considered final.
UNIFORMS
The appropriate uniform, as noted below, shall be worn by all members of the Fire Department when on duty.
All Fire department members are responsible for obtaining and maintaining the uniform items required for their
assignment. All uniform items shall be maintained in presentable condition. Faded, worn, or damaged clothing
is not acceptable; this includes faded lettering or markings on uniform items requiring such markings. All
uniform shirts shall display the member's name in plain view. Civilian clothes are optional for members
assigned to staff and special assignments as authorized by the Fire Chief.
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
All members of an Operations Fire Company, while engaged in public contact duties, shall wear the same type
of uniform at the same time (i.e., all members wearing the regulation dress shirt and appropriate trousers, not
just the company officer). Company Officers will assure that all members are appropriately dressed for the
specific activity. Paramedics shall wear the paramedic patch on the right sleeve of the uniform jackets, and the
silkscreened replica on the right sleeve of fatigue shirts. Personnel appearing for a trial or hearing
representing the Fire Department shall wear the dress uniform. Personnel attending funerals or assigned to
funeral detail shall wear the dress uniform with a navy blue necktie and badge shroud. Pallbearers may wear
5
white gloves.
HAIR
Hair should be clean, neat, well groomed, and safe. Hair shall also be of a natural hair color with the color
distributed evenly through the hair in a natural manner that avoids calling undue attention to it. Hair styles
and/or colors that are extreme and/or unnatural are contrary to the intent and purpose of this procedure and
are, therefore, disallowed. Hairstyles that preclude the proper wearing of self-contained breathing apparatus
are not permitted. Hair shall be worn so that it does not extend below the bottom of the uniform shirt collar
while standing in an erect position. Longer hair is not encouraged and shall only be acceptable if it is pinned
up in a neat manner and does not interfere with the wearing of department issued headgear. No ribbons or
ornaments shall be worn in the hair except for neat, inconspicuous bobby pins or conservative barrettes that
blend with the hair color. No hair can show under the front brim of department issued headgear.
FACIAL HAIR
Facial hair shall be trimmed, well groomed, and must not interfere with self-contained breathing apparatus.
Extreme styles of eye brows/eye lashes, sideburns, and mustaches shall not be allowed. Extreme styles would
be any that are not in harmony with the contemporary community standards for facial hair on a mature adult in
a responsible position, or any that call undue attention to the individual. Facial hair which lies below the lower
lip and above the chin is allowed but shall not be more than one inch in length, nor more than one inch in
width. This facial hair shall not interfere with the seal of all Department-issued fitted safety masks. Other than
eyebrows/eye lashes, mustaches, side burns, and hair below the lip as described above, no other facial hair,
including beards, is allowed.
JEWELRY
Members are discouraged from wearing rings or other jewelry on the fire or training ground. Jewelry that is
determined by the supervisor to be a safety hazard shall be removed while on duty or involved in any
potentially hazardous operation. While on duty, members may wear one stud earring per ear not to exceed 2
mm. No facial jewelry or body piercing which is visible to the public shall be worn while on duty, while
representing the Department, or while wearing department uniform apparel. Further, members are
discouraged from wearing jewelry which may catch on clothing and/or equipment and cause injury to the
employee, whether or not it is visible to the public.
UPDATES
This policy will be updated on an annual basis in May of each year. Any changes prior to May will be recorded
in the Personnel Section.
RECALL
AND COMPREHEND VERBAL AND VISUAL
I
N
F
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
The
ability to
quickly and a
cc
u
r
a
t
e
l
y
d
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
e and remember
d
e
t
a
il
s
at
an emergency
s
c
e
n
e
i
s
a
c
r
i
t
i
c
a
l
s
k
ill
for
fi
r
e
fig
h
t
e
r
s
. All crew
m
e
mb
e
r
s
are
r
e
s
pon
s
i
bl
e
for
c
on
t
r
i
bu
t
i
ng
to
t
h
e
o
ve
r
a
ll
s
c
e
n
e
s
i
ze-
up
,
that
i
s
t
h
ey each
m
u
s
t
see
and hear
d
e
t
a
il
e
d
information
and
c
o
mm
un
i
c
a
t
e
t
h
a
t
information
to
t
h
e
r
e
s
t
of
t
h
e crew. The
s
c
e
n
e
s
i
ze-
up
will
d
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
e
t
h
e
r
e
s
pon
s
e
n
e
c
e
ss
a
r
y
t
o
s
ave
li
ve
s
and
avoid
i
n
j
u
r
i
e
s
.
It
i
s
equally
important to
be able
to
li
s
t
e
n
when
i
n
s
t
r
u
c
t
i
on
s
are given, or
t
a
s
k
s
are a
ss
i
gn
e
d.
The
success
of
t
h
e crew
d
e
p
e
nd
s
on each member doing
their a
ss
i
gn
e
d
t
a
s
k
c
o
rr
e
c
t
l
y and ex
p
e
d
i
e
n
t
l
y.
In this section, candidates are required to watch two short videos and answer questions based on the
scenarios presented. No note taking is allowed and all pencils must be down on the desk while the videos
are playing. After each video, a series of 7-10 questions will follow and answers must be based on material
contained in the video. Questions will be based not only on what is heard but what is seen in the videos.
6
Videos and questions will only be played once.
Pr
a
c
t
i
c
e
your verbal and visual recall
s
k
il
ls
The video
s
e
g
m
e
n
t
and
qu
e
s
t
i
on
s
are a
s
a
mpl
e
of
how
information
will be
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
e
d
during
t
h
e
t
e
s
t
.
S
ee how many
of
t
h
e
qu
e
s
t
i
on
s
you can a
n
s
w
e
r
after
viewing
t
h
e video. Remember, you
w
ill
only
see
a
s
e
g
m
e
n
t
once during
t
h
e
t
e
s
t
.
Directions: Watch the video and answer the questions at the end, no note taking is allowed.
SAMPLE
S
C
E
N
AR
I
O
APPLY MECHANICAL
R
E
A
S
O
N
I
N
G
Firefighter training and job skills require learning methods and procedures for fighting fires and performing
rescues. Learning how and when to use hand tools, power tools, firefighting apparatus and equipment is
essential for success. Much of the training for these tasks is accomplished using pictures, drawings and
diagrams of three-dimensional objects. For instance, a firefighter needs to acquire skills in reading equipment
diagrams, instruction manuals, blueprints, and maps. Firefighters must be able to develop a mental image of a
three-dimensional object, such as a house or a power saw, by looking at a two-dimensional picture of the
object.
This section is designed to test your skill to visualize and reason how objects work, operate or interact. The
concepts covered in the test may include (but are not limited to): fluid dynamics, levers, belt and pulley
systems, gears, interpreting diagrams, and rope and pulley systems.
This portion of the test contains 25 questions. No writing in the test booklet, you must use the provided scratch
paper.
Directions: Review the mechanical reasoning concepts below. Next, test your knowledge on the sample
questions pertaining to these concepts.
7
GEARS
A gear or cogwheel is a rotating machine part having cut teeth, or cogs, which mesh with another toothed part
to transmit torque, in most cases with teeth on the one gear being of identical shape and often also with that
shape on the other gear. Two or more gears working in a sequence (train) are called a gear train or, in many
cases, a transmission; such gear arrangements can produce a mechanical advantage through a gear ratio and
thus may be considered a simple machine.
If the gears are touching (meshed) then the adjacent gears move in opposite directions. When there are an
odd number of meshed gears then the last gear will always turn in the same direction as the first gear.
Geared devices can change the speed, torque, and direction of a power source. The most common situation
is for a gear to mesh with another gear; however, a gear can also mesh with a non-rotating toothed part, called
a rack, thereby producing translation instead of rotation.
When two gears mesh, and one gear is bigger than the other (even though the size of the teeth must match), a
mechanical advantage is produced, with the rotational speeds and the torques of the two gears differing in an
inverse relationship.
Spur gear: Spur gears or straight-cut gears are the simplest type of gear. They consist of a cylinder or disk
with the teeth projecting radically, and although they are not straight-sided in form (they are usually of special
form to achieve constant drive ratio, mainly involute), the edge of each tooth is straight and aligned parallel to
the axis of rotation. These gears can be meshed together correctly only if they are fitted to parallel shafts.
8
BELT & PULLEY SYSTEM
A belt and pulley system is characterized by two or more pulleys in common to a belt. This allows for
mechanical power, torque, and speed to be transmitted across axles. If the pulleys are of differing diameters,
a mechanical advantage is realized.
In this system, assume that the linked pulleys (B and C in the example) run at the same rpm, since they are
attached to the same shaft.
Break the problem down into parts, and calculate them in order:
• Diameter of pulley A/diameter of pulley B = 4/8, so pulley B will run 1/2 as fast as pulley A. 400/2 =
200 rpm
• You already know that pulley C runs at the same speed as pulley B
• Diameter of pulley C/diameter of pulley D = 4/16 = 1/4, so pulley D will run 1/4 as fast as pulley C
• 200/4 = 50 rpm
3
2
1
4
9
BELT & PULLEY SYSTEM
A belt and pulley system is characterized by two or more pulleys in common to a belt. This allows for
mechanical power, torque, and speed to be transmitted across axles. If the pulleys are of differing diameters,
a mechanical advantage is realized.
A belt drive is analogous to that of a chain drive, however a belt sheave may be smooth (devoid of discrete
interlocking members as would be found on a chain sprocket, spur gear, or timing belt) so that the mechanical
advantage is approximately given by the ratio of the pitch diameter of the sheaves only, not fixed exactly by
the ratio of teeth as with gears and sprockets.
ROPE & PULLEY
A pulley is a wheel on an axle or shaft that is designed to support movement and change of direction of a
cable or belt along its circumference. Pulleys are used in a variety of ways to lift loads, apply forces, and to
transmit power.
10
A pulley may also be called a sheave or drum and may have a groove between two flanges around its
circumference. The drive element of a pulley system can be a rope, cable, belt, or chain that runs over the
pulley inside the groove. Pulleys are assembled to form a block and tackle in order to provide mechanical
advantage to apply large forces. Pulleys are also assembled as part of belt and chain drives in order to
transmit power from one rotating shaft to another.
ROPE & PULLEY
A rope and pulley system – that is, a block and tackle – is characterized by the use of a single continuous
rope to transmit a tension force around one or more pulleys to lift or move a load – the rope may be a light
line or a strong cable.
If the rope and pulley system does not dissipate or store energy, then its mechanical advantage is the number
of parts of the rope that act on the load.
LEVER
11
A lever is a machine consisting of a beam or rigid rod pivoted at a fixed hinge, or fulcrum. A lever amplifies
an input force to provide a greater output force, which is said to provide leverage. The ratio or the output
force to the input force is the mechanical advantage of the lever.
Three classes of levers: Levers are classified by the relative positions of the fulcrum and the input and output
forces. It is common to call the input force the effort and the output force the load or the resistance. This
allows the identification of three classes of levers by the relative locations of the fulcrum, the resistance, and
the effort.
Class 1: Fulcrum in the middle: the effort is applied on one side of the fulcrum and the resistance on the other
side, for example, a seesaw, a crowbar or a pair of scissors. Mechanical advantage may be greater or less
than 1.
Class 2: Resistance in the middle: the effort is applied on one side of the resistance and the fulcrum is located
on the other side, for example, a wheelbarrow, a nutcracker, a bottle opener or the brake pedal of a car.
Mechanical advantage is always greater than 1.
Class 3: Effort in the middle: the resistance is on one side of the effort and the fulcrum is located on the other
side, for example, a pair of tweezers or the human mandible. Mechanical advantage is always less than 1.
LEVER
The 3 Classes of Levers
These classes are described by the mnemonic “fre 123” where the fulcrum is in the middle for the 1
st
class
lever, the resistance is in the middle for the 2
nd
class lever, and the effort is in the middle for the 3
rd
.
12
FLUID DYNAMICS
Remember that head is the pressure created by the force of gravity and is a function of the difference in
elevation between intake and the output. Normally, head pressure is measured in pounds per square inch.
Fortunately for us Newton realized that the force of gravity is a constant and therefore it is possible to exactly
calculate the pressure that gravity will create a given vertical drop.
The formula for determining head pressure is really simple:
1 vertical foot = 0.433 pounds per square inch
1 psi = 2.31 vertical feet
13
FLUID DYNAMICS
Water head pressure is static pressure caused by the weight of water solely due to its height above the
measuring point. The pressure at the bottom of a 40-foot lake or a 40 foot high thin tube would be identical,
since only height is involved. The value may be expressed as pounds per square inch (psi) or inches of water
column pressure. This basic calculation is widely used to solve many different practical problems involving
water and other liquids.
Basic calculations: measure the height of the water above the desire measuring point in inches or feet. Divide
the depth in inches by 27.71 inches/psi, or the depth in feet by 2.31 feet/psi which are the English unit
conversion factors. The result is the water head pressure expressed in psi.
Use the calculation to solve a practical problem. An example would be a 150-foot measured water height in a
municipal water tower. You would divide 150 feet by 2.31 to obtain the value of static pressure at ground
level of about 65 psi.
14
INTERPRETING DIAGRAMS
The ability to correctly interpret diagrams is an important skill used in the fire service. This concept
encompasses maps and document reading: buildings, blueprints, interior and exterior building diagrams, and
floor plans to name a few. There are many types of maps that are used in the fire service: streets, city,
interstates and highways, physical, vegetation, and topographical maps. Understanding how to read a map
and the ability to correctly get from point A to point B is a vital skill. General map reading components include:
the map or diagram, a compass, and a legend.
A map can be a picture of a geographical location, like the United States or a city with its buildings and streets
identified. A map will usually label all major streets or highways and depending on how detailed of a map,
smaller streets can be labeled as well. A map of the world will have continents while a city map will have
details of all the streets within the city limits.
A compass is one or more arrows showing the principal directions printed on a map or
diagram. The four major compass points are North, South, East and West. Using the state
of California, if we are at the Capitol, Sacramento, north of us is Oregon, south of us is Baja
Mexico, to our east is Nevada and to our west would be the Pacific Ocean. Once you know
one direction on a map, you will be able to figure out all the other compass points.
A legend consists of a set of symbols followed by a brief description. Not all maps will have a legend but when
present it is important to take note of the provided information. Here is an example of a legend:
15
SAMPLE QUESTIONS
Belt and Pulley System
1. In
t
h
e diagram
s
ho
w
n
, which
g
ea
r
s
are
turning clo
c
k
w
i
s
e
?
A. A,
C
and
F
B. B, D and
F
C.
C
and D
D.
E
and
F
2.
13
fill with
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
w
a
t
e
r
?
SINGLE LEVER
3.
GEARS
4. The diagram
s
ho
w
s
two fixed
c
og
w
h
ee
l
s
which can only
rotate
around
their
own ax
i
s
. A rack
i
s
i
n
s
e
r
t
e
d
b
e
t
w
ee
n
t
h
e
two
c
og
w
h
ee
l
s
and
i
s
moved in
t
h
e
d
i
r
e
c
t
i
on
s
ho
w
n
by
t
h
e a
rr
o
w
.
W
h
a
t
are
t
h
e
d
i
r
e
c
t
i
on
s
of
m
o
ve
m
e
n
t
and ve
l
o
c
i
t
i
e
s
of
t
h
e
c
og
w
h
ee
l
s
?
A.
S
a
m
e
d
i
r
e
c
t
i
on
,
s
a
m
e ve
l
o
c
i
t
i
e
s
B.
S
a
m
e
d
i
r
e
c
t
i
on
,
different ve
l
o
c
i
t
i
e
s
C.
Different
d
i
r
e
c
t
i
on
s
,
s
a
m
e ve
l
o
c
i
t
i
e
s
D.
Different
d
ir
e
c
t
i
on
s
,
different ve
l
o
c
i
t
i
e
s
FLUID
DYNA
MI
CS
5. When the supply hose is turned on and the bottom container is filled with water, in which tube will the
water level rise the highest?
14
A. Both A & B
B. B
C.
Both
C
& D
D. They will all
fill e
qu
a
ll
y
MAP READING
Directions: Refer to the above map to answer the following four questions.
1. Where is the Day Care Center in relation to the Dog Park?
A. South
B. East
C. South-east
D. North-west
2. You are at the Austin Junior High School. You exit onto Sycamore Avenue. You turn left and walk to
the corner. You then turn left and walk one block, turn right and walk two blocks and finally, turn right
and walk one block. Where are you?
A. Elm Street and Harvard Avenue
B. Union Street and Sycamore Avenue
C. Harvard Avenue and Sycamore Avenue
D. Elm Street and Union Street
15
3. Which streets run perpendicular to College Park Drive?
A. Tulane Place and Cedar Place
B. Pine Place and Cedar Place
C. Loyola Way and Union Street
D. Washington Street and Spruce Street
4. How many hydrants are west of Central Park?
A. Two
B. Three
C. Four
D. Five
SOLVE MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS
T
h
i
s
s
e
c
t
i
on
of
t
h
e
written
t
e
s
t
m
ea
s
u
r
e
s
your
m
a
t
h
e
m
a
t
i
c
a
l
s
k
ill
s
.
F
i
r
e
fig
h
t
e
r
s
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
w
i
d
e va
r
i
e
t
y
of
du
t
i
e
s
. O
ft
e
n,
t
h
e
t
a
s
k
s
that
m
u
s
t
be
c
o
mpl
e
t
e
d
require
u
s
i
ng
ba
s
i
c
m
a
t
h.
F
o
r
m
u
l
a
s
needed
for
s
p
e
c
i
fi
c
t
a
s
k
s
,
s
u
c
h
as
h
y
d
r
a
u
li
c
s
, are
taught
on
-
t
h
e-
j
ob
. However,
t
ho
s
e
f
o
r
m
u
l
a
s
and
many
routine
t
a
s
k
s
require
und
e
r
s
t
a
nd
i
ng
and a
p
pl
i
c
a
t
i
on
of
ba
s
i
c
m
a
t
h
e
m
a
t
i
c
a
l
c
on
c
e
p
t
s
. The
m
a
t
h
fu
n
c
t
i
on
s
covered in
t
h
i
s
exam
i
n
c
l
ud
e:
•
Add
i
t
io
n
/
S
ub
tr
a
c
t
io
n
•
M
u
l
t
i
p
l
ic
at
i
on
/D
i
vi
s
i
on
•
F
r
ac
t
i
on
s
/De
c
i
m
a
l
s
•
Pe
r
c
e
nt
a
g
e
s
•
An
gl
e
s
•
A
re
a
• V
o
l
u
m
e
•
Ratios
There are
nu
m
e
r
ou
s
s
ou
r
c
e
s
of
m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
s
and
information for
ba
s
i
c
m
a
t
h
(
w
e
b
s
i
t
e
s
,
c
o
ll
e
g
e
s
,
li
b
r
a
r
i
e
s
,
e
t
c
.).
C
hoo
s
e
t
h
e
boo
k
s
,
m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
s
and
m
e
t
hod
s
that
b
e
s
t
s
u
i
t
your learning
s
t
y
l
e
to
b
r
u
s
h
up on your
m
a
t
h
s
k
ill
s
.
There are twenty (20) mathematical word
p
r
o
bl
e
m
s
to
s
o
l
ve on
t
h
e
t
e
s
t
. The questions are at a high
school education level, calculators are NOT allowed, and work must be completed on the provided
scratch paper and NOT in the test booklet. If your scratch paper becomes full and you wish to have
another, raise your hand and one of the test administrators will replace your scratch paper with a new
one. All questions are designed to test your knowledge and not to trick you.
Directions: Complete the following examples as they represent the questions that appear on the exam.
SAMPLE QUESTIONS
1. If a tank with a 12’ diameter holds 670 gallons per foot of depth, how many gallons will a tank with a 12’
diameter hold if it is 4’ deep?
A. 2,280
B. 2,430
16
C. 3,040
D. 2,680
2. During a preplan process of a building, you must obtain the square footage. You have a strip mall with
two occupancies. One occupancy measures 96’ x 52’ and the other measures 114’ x 52’. What is the
approximate square footage for this building?
A. 13,000
B. 11,000
C. 12,000
D. 10,000
3. If the sales tax is 18% and a new pair of fire gloves cost $35.25, then what is your total cost for the
gloves?
A. $42.59
B. $43.59
C. $42.60
D. $41.60
4. Station 3’s coffee fund is $12; the total amount in station 3’s expense fund is $48. What percent of the
total fund goes towards coffee?
A. .40
B. 40%
C. 25%
D. .25
5. Plastic fire helmets cost $500 per gross in 2014. In 2016, the cost per gross dropped to $100. What is
the percent of decrease in cost per gross?
A. .8
B. 8%
C. 80%
D. -80%
6. In the fire academy, we had a ratio of 7 to 5 passing grades to failing. How many of the 36 students
failed?
A. 21
B. 15
C. 7
D. 5
7. How many square feet are in a circle with a radius of 5 feet?
A. 78.50
B. 73.50
C. 75.80
D. 75.30
8. What is the total volume of a cube that is 7’ tall, 3’ wide and 5’ long?
A. 115 cubic feet
B. 105 square feet
C. 115 square feet
17
D. 105 cubic feet
9. What is the total volume of a cylinder that is 7’ high with a 3’ radius?
A. 188.52 square feet
B. 197.82 cubic feet
C. 188.52 cubic feet
D. 197.82 square feet
RECALL
AND COMPREHEND
TECHNICAL
I
N
F
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
FROM WRITTEN
MA
TE
R
I
A
LS
Test Booklet Essays
Firefighters must read and comprehend volumes of technical materials. Nearly every working day includes
some training or education classes, drills or assignments. The subjects cover a broad range of topics that
include fire behavior, hazardous materials, chemistry, fire prevention codes, building construction and codes,
apparatus and equipment including maintenance and troubleshooting. Generally, this section will assess a
candidate’s ability to recall detailed information and demonstrate comprehension of critical and exact
information.
In addition to the essays provided in the essay packet at the beginning of the exam, there are also essays
included in the test booklet and are therefore available to refer back to when answering corresponding
questions. Do not base any answers on prior knowledge, classes or training, only on information contained
in the essays.
Directions: Read the following sample essay and answer the questions. You may refer back to this essay to
search for the correct answer.
SCBA USE AND HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS
There are
nu
m
e
r
ou
s
t
y
p
e
s
of
S
e
l
f-
C
on
t
a
i
n
e
d
B
r
ea
t
h
i
ng
App
a
r
a
t
u
s
(
S
C
B
A
)
found within
t
h
e
fire
s
e
r
v
i
c
e.
They can range
from
low
pr
e
ss
u
r
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
to
high
pr
e
ss
u
r
e. There are
nu
m
e
r
ou
s
c
o
m
pon
e
n
t
s
to a
n
SCBA,
i
n
c
l
ud
i
ng
t
h
e
fi
r
s
t
s
t
a
g
e
pr
e
ss
u
r
e
r
e
gu
l
a
t
o
r
,
s
e
c
ond
s
t
a
g
e
r
e
gu
l
a
t
o
r
, high
pr
e
ss
u
r
e air
t
a
n
k
,
h
a
r
n
e
ss
,
m
a
s
k
,
h
ea
d
s
up
d
i
s
p
l
ay device, voice amp, low air alarm and
p
e
r
s
on
a
l
alarm
s
a
f
e
t
y device
(
P
A
SS
).
P
A
SS
d
ev
i
c
e
s
are
m
a
nd
a
t
o
r
y on all
S
C
B
A
s
and can be a
c
t
u
a
t
e
d
by air or
b
a
tt
e
r
y. The
P
A
SS
device
i
s
a
n
audible
warning
s
y
s
t
e
m
d
e
s
i
gn
e
d
to let
t
h
e
firefighter
know when
t
h
ey are low on air.
P
A
SS
d
ev
i
c
e
s
u
s
u
a
l
ly
s
ound
at
500
p
s
i
and
let off
an audible
warning for
15-30
s
e
c
ond
s
. The
P
A
SS
device
c
a
nno
t
b
e
t
u
r
n
e
d
off
and can only be
d
i
s
a
r
m
e
d
by
turning off
t
h
e
S
C
B
A
unit
or via
refill of
t
h
e
t
a
n
k
above 500
p
s
i
.
It
s
hou
l
d
be a
f
und
a
m
e
n
t
a
l
rule in
firefighting that
no one be
p
e
r
m
it
t
e
d
to e
n
t
e
r
any
po
t
e
n
t
i
a
l
ly
t
o
x
i
c
a
t
m
o
s
ph
e
r
e,
s
u
c
h
as
an
interior
or ex
t
e
ri
o
r
fire a
tt
a
c
k
,
below-grade
r
e
s
c
u
e, or
h
aza
r
dou
s
m
a
t
e
ri
a
l
s
emergency,
un
l
e
ss
equipped
with
a
pr
o
t
e
c
t
i
ve
b
r
ea
t
h
i
ng
a
pp
a
r
a
t
u
s
.
SCBAs
vary in
w
e
i
gh
t
and
can be
as
heavy
as
50
pound
s
or
as
light
as
32
pound
s
.
The
l
ung
s
and
r
e
s
p
i
r
a
t
o
r
y
t
r
a
c
t
are more vulnerable
to
injury
t
h
a
n
any
o
t
h
e
r
body
p
a
r
t
. The
g
a
s
e
s
e
n
c
oun
t
e
r
e
d
in
fi
r
e
s
are
d
a
ng
e
r
ou
s
in one way or a
no
t
h
e
r
. Smoke can carry
nu
m
e
r
ou
s
d
a
ng
e
r
ou
s
p
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
s
;
s
o
m
e
of
t
ho
s
e
p
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
s
can include carbon,
t
a
r
, and
du
s
t
floating
in a
c
o
m
b
i
n
a
t
i
on
of
h
ea
t
e
d
g
a
s
e
s
.
S
o
m
e
of
t
h
e
s
u
s
p
e
nd
e
d
p
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
s
in
s
m
o
k
e are merely
irritating, but
o
t
h
e
r
s
may be
l
e
t
h
a
l
. The
s
i
ze
of
t
h
e
p
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
d
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
e
s
how deeply
into
t
h
e
u
npr
o
t
e
c
t
e
d
l
ung
s
it
will be
i
nh
a
l
e
d
.
18
There are
four
common
h
aza
r
dou
s
a
t
m
o
s
ph
e
r
e
s
a
ss
o
c
i
a
t
e
d
with
fi
r
e
s
or
o
t
h
e
r
e
m
e
r
g
e
n
c
i
e
s
.
T
h
e
s
e
a
t
m
o
s
ph
e
r
e
s
include
t
h
e
following:
oxygen
d
e
fi
c
i
e
n
c
y, e
l
eva
t
e
d
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
s
,
s
m
o
k
e and
t
o
x
i
c
a
t
m
o
s
ph
e
r
e
s
with fire.
An example
of
a
t
o
x
i
c
a
t
m
o
s
ph
e
r
e would be
t
h
e
buildup of
carbon
m
ono
x
i
d
e.
T
h
i
s
c
o
l
o
rl
e
ss
,
odo
rl
e
ss
g
a
s
i
s
c
a
u
s
e
d
by
i
n
c
o
m
p
l
e
t
e
c
o
m
bu
s
t
i
on
and
i
s
t
h
e number one
c
a
u
s
e
of
fi
r
e
related
d
e
at
h
s
.
The
c
o
m
bu
s
t
i
on
pr
o
c
e
ss
c
on
s
u
m
e
s
oxygen while
pr
odu
c
i
ng
t
o
x
i
c
g
a
s
e
s
. When oxygen
c
on
c
e
n
t
r
a
t
i
on
s
a
r
e
below 18
p
e
r
c
e
n
t
,
t
h
e human body
r
e
s
pond
s
by
i
n
c
r
ea
s
i
ng
it
s
r
e
s
p
i
r
a
t
o
r
y
ra
t
e. Oxygen
d
e
fi
c
i
e
n
c
y can a
l
s
o
occur in
below-grade
l
o
c
a
t
i
on
s
, chemical
s
t
o
r
a
g
e
t
a
n
k
s
, grain
b
i
n
s
,
s
il
o
s
, and
o
t
h
e
r
c
on
fi
n
e
d
s
p
a
c
e
s
.
SAMPLE QUESTIONS
1. There are
nu
m
e
r
ou
s
c
o
mp
on
e
n
t
s
to
an
S
C
B
A
i
n
c
l
ud
i
ng
:
A. A harness
B. A low air
alarm
C. A second stage
regulator
D. All of the
above
2. The
P
A
SS
device
i
s
a/an
warning
s
y
s
t
e
m
d
e
s
i
gn
e
d
to let
t
h
e
firefighter
know
w
h
e
n
t
h
ey
are low on a
i
r
.
A.
Respiratory
B.
Pressure
C.
Regulator
D.
Audible
3. The
P
A
SS
device cannot be
t
u
r
n
e
d
off
and can only be
d
i
s
a
r
m
e
d
by
turning off
t
h
e
S
C
B
A
unit
o
r
v
i
a:
A. Refill of the tank above 300 psi
B. Refill of the tank above 450 psi
C. Refill of the tank above 500 psi
D. Refill of the tank above 550 psi
4. U
n
l
e
ss
equipped
with
a
p
r
ot
e
c
t
i
ve
b
r
ea
t
h
i
ng
a
p
pa
r
a
t
u
s
,
it
s
hou
l
d
be a
fu
nd
a
m
e
n
t
a
l
rule in
fi
r
e
fighting that
no one be
p
e
r
m
i
tt
e
d
to e
n
t
e
r
any
p
ot
e
n
t
i
a
ll
y
t
o
x
i
c
a
t
m
o
s
ph
e
r
e,
i
n
c
l
ud
i
ng
a/a
n
:
A. High angle
emergency
B. Above-grade
emergency
C. Low angle
emergency
D. Hazardous materials
emergency
5. The are more vulnerable
to
injury
t
h
a
n
any
o
t
h
e
r
body
p
a
r
t
.
A. Lungs and respiratory
tract
B. Heart and
liver
C. Brain and
kidney
D.
Eyes
and ears
19
6. There are common
h
aza
r
dou
s
a
t
m
o
s
ph
e
r
e
s
a
ss
o
c
i
a
t
e
d
with
fi
r
e
s
or other e
m
e
r
g
e
n
c
i
e
s
.
A.
2
B.
3
C.
4
D.
5
7. The
h
aza
r
dou
s
a
t
m
o
s
ph
e
r
e
s
a
ss
o
c
i
a
t
e
d
with
fi
r
e
s
or other e
m
e
r
g
e
n
c
i
e
s
include
t
h
e
f
o
ll
o
w
i
ng
:
A. Oxygen
Deficiency
B. Elevated
T
emperatures
C. Smoke and Toxic
Atmospheres
D. All of the
above
8. When oxygen
c
on
c
e
n
t
r
a
t
i
on
s
are below
p
e
r
c
e
n
t
,
t
h
e human body
r
e
s
pond
s
b
y
in
c
r
ea
s
in
g
i
t
s
r
e
s
p
ir
a
t
o
r
y
r
a
te
.
A.
18
B.
20
C.
22
D.
24
9.
i
s
t
h
e number one
c
a
u
s
e
of
fi
r
e-
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
d
ea
t
h
s
.
A. Carbon
monoxide
B. Carbon
dioxide
C.
Nitrogen dioxide
D. Hydrogen
chloride
10. Which
c
o
l
o
r
l
e
ss
odo
r
l
e
ss
,
g
a
s
i
s
c
a
u
s
e
d
by
i
n
c
o
mpl
e
t
e
c
o
mb
u
s
t
i
on
?
A. Carbon
monoxide
B. Carbon
dioxide
C.
Nitrogen dioxide
D Hydrogen
chloride
SAMPLE QUESTIONS
ESSAY PACKET: GROOMING STANDARDS
DO NOT REFER BACK TO THE ESSAY, MEMORY ONLY
1. What optional item may Pallbearers wear?
A. Badge Shroud
B. Navy Neck Tie
C. White Gloves
20
D. None of the above
2. Where is the paramedic patch to be worn on the uniform jacket?
A. Front of jacket, over heart
B. Right Sleeve
C. Left Sleeve
D. Both Sleeves
3. This policy shall be updated on an annual basis during which month?
A. January
B. May
C. September
D. December
4. What is the maximum size earring allowed to be worn?
A. 1 mm
B. 2 mm
C. 3 mm
D. 4 mm
5. When are rings prohibited from being worn?
A. On the fire ground
B. On the training ground
C. All of the above
D. None of the above
6. How can an employee that disagrees with a decision made by the Deputy Fire Chief appeal the
decision?
A. Union representative
B. Shop steward
C. Direct supervisor
D. In writing
7. Civilian clothes are optional for members assigned to staff, who authorizes this decision?
A. Human Resource Department
B. Union Representative
C. Deputy Fire Chief
D. Fire Chief
8. There are several factors that facial hair must meet in order to be approved per the policy, which one
does not fall within the policy guideline?
A. Nothing below the upper lip.
B. Trimmed
C. Well groomed
D. Does not interfere with breathing apparatus
9. Which of the following hair styles are not permitted?
A. Safe
21
B. Long hair
C. Extreme hair colors
D. Well groomed
10. What must be displayed in plain view on the uniform shirt?
A. Department Logo
B. Members Name
C. Paramedic Patch
D. Department Badge
Answer
Ke
y
RECALL
AND COMPREHEND VERBAL AND VISUAL
I
N
F
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
1. D 2. B 3. B
APPLY MECHANICAL REASONING
1. C
Gears C and D. At least one gear in each of the other answers is turning counterclockwise. It helps to follow
the direction of the chain, which is connected to all the gears.
2. A
Notice that pulley A is the smallest of the three pulleys in the group. Because of its size, it has a shorter
distance to travel to complete one revolution. Another way to phrase the question would be to ask which pulley
is moving the fastest, in which case, the same thought process is used.
3. B
In Situation B, the length of the lever on both sides of the fulcrum is equal, as is the weight supported on each
side. This represents a “balanced” situation. It is physically impossible for the lever to remain balanced in
Situation A because there is more weight on the right side. Even if the weights of the load were equal, the
lever would still not balance because the right side of the lever is longer than the left side.
4. D
The red cogwheel will turn clockwise at a slower velocity than the grey cogwheel, which will turn
counterclockwise. The smaller the wheel, the higher the velocity.
5. D
As liquid fills the bottom container, pressure causes the liquid to rise in each tube equally. The liquid reaches
the same level in all of the tubes without regard to the shape or angle of the tube.
MAP READING
1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A
22
SOLVE MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS
1. D 4. C 7. A
2. B 5. C 8. D
3. D 6. B 9. B
RECALL
AND COMPREHEND
TECHNICAL
I
N
F
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N F
ROM WRITTEN
M
A
TE
RI
A
L
TEST BOOKLET: SCBA USE AND HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS
1. D 4. D 7. D 10. A
2. D 5. A 8. A
3. C 6. C 9. A
ESSAY PACKET: GROOMING STANDARDS
1. C 4. B 7. D 10. B
2. B 5. C 8. A
3. B 6. D 9. C
Final Thoughts
Know your learning style. Everyone learns differently so be mindful of your own style of learning new
materials and work with it.
Be mindful of your strengths. When you are told to open your test booklet and begin, start in the section
that you are the strongest. This will give you confidence as your progress through the test. You may complete
the sections in the test booklet in any order but always remember to check your number on your optical scan
form with the corresponding question number.
We are testing your knowledge and ability to learn. The purpose of the test is to test your knowledge and
ability to learn, comprehend and then recall that information. We are NOT trying to trick you with our
questions. Take the questions at face value. Do not “read” into the question.
Proctors will not help you understand any question. Test proctors will not rephrase test questions; explain
the meaning of any words contained in the question, directions or answer choices. Proctors will advise you to
do the best you can with the information you have.
Reasons a candidate may be dismissed from a test and receive a failing score. Cheating of any kind,
including looking at another candidate’s testing materials, concealed notes or electronic devices, taking
pictures of any testing materials, or using any aids such as a calculator will result in an automatic failure.
Talking to other candidates once testing has begun is also not allowed. If your cellphone rings, buzzes,
vibrates or is accessed, you will be dismissed from the test. Remember: You will not be permitted to take the
written test if you arrive after the testing doors have been closed, so be sure to allow yourself plenty of time
from travel to the testing venue.
Know how to follow directions. Your Lead Test Administrator will read a series of instructions that you must
follow. It is important to follow all directions given. This is a vital skill in the fire service!
