_ g^/acSk

USDI/NPS

Registration

Form

Cape

Lookout

Village

Historic

District

Carteret

County,

North

Carolina

NFS

Form

10-900

(Rev.

10-90)

United

States

Department

of

National

Park Service

Page

1

OMB

No.;

1024-0018

1.

Name

of

Property

historic

name

Cape

Lookout

Village

Historic

District

other

names/site

number___________________________

2.

Location

street

&

number

Cape

Lookout from

Lighthouse

south

to

Coast

Guard

Station;

bounded

on

east

by

ocean

and

on west

by

concrete

road,

and

on

northwest

by

line

from concrete

road

across

the

Bight

N/A

not for

publication

city

or

town

Harkers

Island

vicinity

x

state

North

Carolina

code

NC

county

Carteret

code

031

zip

code

28531

3

.

State/Federal

Agency

Certification

As

the

designated

authority

under

the

National

Historic

Preservation

Act

of

1986,

as

amended,

I

hereby

certify

that this

X

nomination

____

request

for

determination

of

eligibility

meets

the

documentation

standards

for

registering

properties

in

the

National

Register

of

Historic

Places

and meets

the

procedural

and

professional

requirements

set

forth

in

36

CFR

Part

60.

In

my

opinion,

the

property

X

meets

____

does

not

meet

the

National

Register

Criteria.

I

recommend

that

this

property

be

considered

significant

__

nationally

_

locally.

(

__

See

continuation

sheet

for

additional

comments.)

/

I

-

/"V-A

^ .

.

_

f

1

fTb

X

statewide

Signatur

fying

official

Date

State

or

Federal

agency

and

bureau

V

''

A

meets

does

not

meet

the

National

Register

In

my

opinion,

the

property

criteria.

(

Se^e

e©s}:inuation

sheet

for

additional

comments.)

_

g^/acSk

SignaPur^^?

commenting

oi^bther

official

National

Park

Service

Date

State

or

Federal

agency

and

bureau

4.

National

Park

Service

Certification

I,

hereby

certify

that

this

property

is:

_

X

entered

in

the

National

Register

/

f\\ju.

w

fi

*-»

x->.

*—<

*-*^^

4—

n

-v*^

i

-^

4—

-I

/•NV^

ri

\^

y\

**•»

4—

See

continuation

sheet.

USDI/NPS

Registration

Form

Cape

Lookout

Village

Historic

District

Carteret

County,

North

Carolina

p

a

g

e 2

___

determined eligible

for the

National

Register

__

See

continuation

sheet.

___

determined

not

eligible

for

the

___________________

_______

National

Register

——————

___

removed

from

the

National

Register

__________________

_______

___

other

(explain):

______________

Signature

of

Keeper

Date

of

Action

5.

Classification

Ownership

of

Property

(Check

as

many

boxes

as

apply)

___

private

___public-local

__

public-State

X

public-Federal

categories

from

instructions)

Cat:

Domestic:

Single

Dwelling;

Domestic:

Secondary

Structure;

Commerce/Trade:

Department

Store;

Defense:

Coast

Guard

Facility;

and

Defense:

Military

Facility

Current

Functions

(Enter

categories

from

instructions)

Cat:

Domestic:

Single

Dwelling;

Domestic;

Secondary

Structure:

Transportation

water-related;

Defense:

Coast

Guard

Facility

USDI/NPS

Registration

Form

Cape

Lookout

Village

Historic

District

Carteret

County,

North

Carolina

Page

3

7.

Description

Architectural

Classification

(Enter

categories

from

instructions)

Queen

Anne.

Bungalow/Craftsman.

Shingle

Style.

Other:

Outer

Banks

house

Materials

(Enter

categories

from

instructions!

foundation

wood

_______________________

roof

asphalt

shingle

walls

weatherboard,

asbestos

other

brick,

concrete

Narrative

Description

(Describe

the

historic

and

current

condition

of

the

property

on

one or

more

continuation

sheets.)

8.

Statement

of

Significance

Applicable

National

Register

Criteria

(Mark

"x"

in

one

or

more boxes

for

the

criteria

qualifying

the

property

for

National

Register

listing)

X

A

Property

is

associated

with

events

that

have

made

a

significant

contribution

to

the

broad

patterns

of

our

history.

___

B

Property

is

associated

with

the

lives

of

persons

significant

in

our

past.

X

C

Property

embodies

the

distinctive

characteristics

of

a

type,

period,

or

method

of

construction

or

represents

the

work

of

a

master,

or

possesses high

artistic

values,

or

represents

a

significant

and

distinguishable

entity

whose

components

lack

individual

distinction,

___

D

Property

has

yielded,

or

is

likely

to

yield

information

important

in

prehistory

or

history.

Criteria

Considerations

(Mark

"X"

in

all

the

boxes

that

apply.)

_

A

owned

by

a

religious

institution

or

used

for

religious

purposes.

_X__

B

removed

from

its

original

location.

___

C

a

birthplace

or

a

grave.

_____

D

a

cemetery.

___

E

a

reconstructed

building,

object,or

structure.

F

a

commemorative

property.

G

less

than

50

years

of

age

or

achieved

significance

within

the

past

50

years.

USDI/NPS

Registration

Form

Cape

Lookout

Village

Historic

District

Carteret

County,

North

Carolina

Page

4

Areas

of

Significance

(Enter

categories

from

instructions)

Social

history_____

_______________________Maritime

history

______

Architecture_________

Period

of

Significance

________1857-ca.

1950____________

Significant

Dates

1859. 1888.

1916-1917.

1942-1945_______________

Significant

Person

(Complete

if

Criterion

B

is

marked

above)

___N/A

Cultural

Affiliation

_____N/A_____________

Architect/Builder

Shull.

W.

J.

B..

contractor

r

Newport.

North

Carolina______________

Narrative

Statement

of

Significance

(Explain

the

significance

of

the

property

on

one

or

more

continuation

sheets.)

9.

Major

Bibliographical References

(Cite

the

books,

articles,

and

other

sources

used

in

preparing

this

form

on

one

or

more

continuation

sheets.)

on

file

(NPS)

__

preliminary

determination

of

individual listing

(36

CFR

67)

has

been

requested.

__

previously

listed

in

the

National

Register

__

previously

determined

eligible

by

the

National

Register

__

designated

a

National

Historic

Landmark

__

recorded

by

Historic

American

Buildings

Survey

#

________

__

recorded

by

Historic

American

Engineering

Record

#

________

Primary

Location

of

Additional

Data

X

State

Historic

Preservation

Office

__

Other

State

agency

__

Federal

agency

__

Local

government

__

University

__

Other

Name

of

repository:

_________________________________________________

10.

Geographical

Data

Acreage

of

Property

approximately

810

acres

UTM

References

(Place

additional

UTM

references

on

a

continuation

sheet)

Zone

Easting

Northing

Zone

Easting

Northing

1

18

359780

3832220

3

18

359680

3830620

2

18

360780 3832280

4

18

358250

3829230

5

18

358500

3830840

USDI/NPS

Registration

Form

Cape

Lookout

Village

Historic

District

Carteret

County,

North

Carolina

Page

5

See

continuation

sheet.

Verbal

Boundary

Description

(Describe

the

boundaries

of

the

property

on

a

continuation

sheet.)

Boundary

Justification

(Explain

why

the

boundaries

were

selected

on

a

continuation

sheet.)

11.

Form

Prepared

By

name/title

__

Ruth

Little;

amended

by Claudia

Brown.

N.

C.

HPO

organization

Longleaf

Historic

Resources

date

August

19.

1998;

February

2000

street

&

number

2709

Bedford

Avenue

telephone

(919)

836-8128_______

city

or

town

Raleigh______________

state

NC

zip

code

27607

12.

Additional

Documentation

Submit

the

following

items

with

the

completed

form:

Continuation

Sheets

Maps

A

USGS

map

(7.5

or

15

minute

series)

indicating

the

property's

location,

A

sketch

map

for

historic

districts

and

properties

having

large

acreage

or

numerous

resources.

Photographs

Representative

black

and

white

photographs

of

the

property.

Additional

items

(Check

with

the

SHPO

or

FPO

for

any

additional

items)

Property

Owner

(Complete

this

item

at

the

request

of

the

SHPO

or

FPO.)

name

___________________________________________

street

&

number

____________________________telephone

_

city

or

town

_________________

state________

zip

code

Paperwork

Reduction

Act

Statement:

This

information

is

being

collected

for

applications

to

the

National

Register

of

Historic

Places

to

nominate

properties

for

listing

or

determine

eligibility

for

listing,

to

list

properties,

and

to

amend

existing

listings.

Response

to

this

request

is

required

to

obtain

a

benefit

in

accordance

with

the

National

Historic

Preservation

Act,

as

amended

(16

U.S.C.

470

et

seq.).

Estimated

Burden

Statement:

Public

reporting

burden

for

this

form

is

estimated

to

average

18.1

hours

per

response

including

the

time

for

reviewing

instructions,

gathering

and

maintaining

data,

and

completing

and

reviewing

the

form.

Direct

comments

regarding

this

burden

estimate

or

any

aspect

of

this

form

to

the

Chief,

Administrative

Services

Division,

National

Park

Service,

P.O.

Box

37127,

Washington,

DC

20013-7127;

and

the

Office

of

Management

and

Budget,

Paperwork

Reductions

Project

(1024-0018),

Washington,

DC

20503.

NFS

Form

10-900-a

0MB

No.

1024-0018

(8-86)

United

States

Department

of

the

Interior

National

Park

Service

NATIONAL

REGISTER

OF

HISTORIC

PLACES

CONTINUATION

SHEET

Section

7

Page

_1_

Cape

Lookout

Village

Historic

District

Carteret

County,

North

Carolina

Description

Cape

Lookout,

one

of

the

three

promontories

of

the

Outer

Banks

that

parallel

North

Carolina's

shoreline,

is

a

hazardous

spit

of

land

that

has

been

marked

by

a

lighthouse

since

1812.

The

cape

is

the

southern

tip

of

Core

Banks,

a

slender

strip

of

land

along

the

Carteret

County

shoreline

stretching

from

Cedar

Island

south

to

Markers

Island.

The

extreme

southern

edge

of

the

cape,

known

as

Cape

Point,

is

a

finger

of

sand

constantly

sculpted

by

ocean

and sound

currents.

The

island

is

part

of

the

Cape

Lookout

National

Seashore

established

in

1966

by

the National

Park

Service,

and

is

accessible only

by

boat.

The

triangular-shaped

cape

is

located approximately

four

miles south

of

Harkers

Island,

an

island

linked

to

the

mainland

of

Carteret

County

by

a

bridge.

Between

Core

Banks

and

the

mainland

lies

Core

Sound.

The east

shore

of

the

banks

abuts

the

Atlantic

Ocean.

The

Cape

area,

in

constant

flux

from

the

harsh

action

of

ocean

currents,

is

a

sand

environment

whose

only

native vegetation

is

low

clumps

of

evergreen

shrubbery

and

trees

and

marsh

grasses.

The

Cape

Lookout

Lighthouse

is

the

northernmost

historic

property

in

the

district;

at

the

south

end,

the Cape

Lookout

Coast

Guard Station

and

ten

houses

stand

close

together

along

a

dirt

road

in

the

center

of

the

cape,

equidistant between

the

sound

and

ocean.

In

this

location

is

a

stand

of

pine

trees

planted

in

the

1960s,

and

clumps

of

native

live

oaks,

myrtles,

and

cedars

that

tolerate

the

harsh

weather

conditions

and

salt

spray.

The

remaining

five

houses

edge

the

sound

side,

along

the shore

of

the

natural

cove

called

Cape

Lookout

Bight.

(A

bight

is

a

bend

in

a

coast

forming

an

open

bay.)

A

wide

margin

of

marshland

borders

the

bight,

with

one long dock

jutting

into

it

at

the

southwest

end.

A

network

of

dirt

roads

and

the

remnants

of

a

World

War

II

concrete

road

link

the

buildings.

To

the

east,

south,

and

west,

an

undeveloped

landscape

of

vegetated

sandy

expanses

reaches

to

the

ocean

beaches,

separated

from

the

vegetated

areas

by

sand

dune

ridges.

At

the

northwest

corner

of

the

bight,

a

rock

breakwater

projects

out

into

Core

Sound.

(The

landscape

and

circulation

network

are

described

in

greater

detail

in

the

inventory

list

that

follows

this

essay.)

Historically,

Shackleford

Banks,

now

a

separate

island

extending

west

toward

the

mainland

from

the

Cape,

was

joined

to

Core

Banks,

and

a

second

village,

Diamond

City,

occupied

the

eastern

section

of

Shackleford

Banks,

just

west

of

the

lighthouse.

Tiny

Cape

Lookout

Village

contains

two

government

complexes

previously

listed

in

the

National

Register-

the

Cape

Lookout

Lighthouse

Station (lighthouse,

keepers

quarters,

coal

house,

oil

house,

summer kitchen,

and

three

cisterns),

and

the

Cape

Lookout

Coast

Guard Station

(main

station,

galley,

equipment

building,

cistern,

and

two

fire

equipment

sheds)~comprising

a

total

of

six

contributing

buildings,

four

contributing

structures

(cisterns),

and

four

noncontributing

NFS

Form

10-900-a

OMB

No.

1024-0018

(8-86)

United

States

Department

of

the

Interior

National

Park

Service

NATIONAL

REGISTER

OF

HISTORIC

PLACES

CONTINUATION

SHEET

Section

7

Page

_2_

Cape

Lookout

Village

Historic

District

Carteret

County,

North

Carolina

buildings.

In addition,

fourteen

contributing buildings,

a

long

dock,

and

the

circulation

network,

as

well

as

the

landscape

in

which

these

lie,

compose

the

district,

for

a

total

of

twenty-seven

contributing

resources

(eighteen

primary

and

nine

secondary).

Three

main

buildings

(Moore

House

and Store

(#2)

and

cottages

#12

and

19)

are

either

not

yet

fifty

years

old

or

have

lost

architectural

integrity.

The

vast

majority

of

the

twenty-six

noncontributing

buildings

are

small

outbuildings,

principally

garages

and

sheds,

that

are

less

than

fifty

years

old.

Four

unobtrusive

structures

(a

well

pump,

two

frameworks

supporting

water

tanks,

and

a

dock

about

one

hundred

feet

long)

and

a

ruinous

World

War

II

military

site

are

noncontributing

as

well.

In

addition

to

the

lighthouse

and

coast

guard

station,

three

other

government

structures

stand

in

the

village:

the

1888

Life

Saving

Station

(#10)

and

Boathouse

(#14),

and

the

1907

Keeper's

Quarters

(#4).

Seven

of

the contributing

houses

date

from

the

village's

traditional

fishing

and

life-saving

period,

1859

to

the

1920s.

All

stand

on

their

original

sites

except

for

the

1907

Keeper's

Quarters and

the

two

Life

Saving

Station

buildings

which

were

moved

within

the

village

and

adaptively

reused

when

the

government

sold

them

as

surplus

property.

Of

thirty-some

traditional

houses

there

in

1920,

four

remain:

two

fisherman's

cottages,

the

Luther

Guthrie

House

(#15)

and

the

Gaskill-Guthrie

House

(#17);

and

two

jetty

workers'

houses

(#5

and

6).

Luther

Guthrie

built

his small

side-gable

house

about

1910

with

one

main

room,

two

tiny

bedrooms

to

the

side,

and

a

shallow

engaged

front

porch.

The

Gaskill-Guthrie

House,

built

about

five

years

later,

is

very

similar

to

the Guthrie

House

except

that

it

has

an

engaged

porch

at

the

rear

as

well

as

the

front.

The

jetty

workers'

houses,

probably

built

for

the

Army

Corps

of

Engineers

about

1915,

follow

the same

general

side-gable

form

with

a

large

center

room,

engaged front

porch

and small

rear

shed

rooms,

but

are

five

bays

wide,

considerably

larger

than

the

fishing

house.

House

#

5

has

original

board-and-batten

siding

visible

beneath

later

plywood

sheathing,

and

has

bare

interior

stud

walls.

House

#6

may have

had

this

treatment

originally.

The

engaged

porch

house

type was

traditional

to

coastal

North

Carolina

since

the

eighteenth

century,

offering

a

smooth

profile

that

protected

the

front

openings

from

severe

weather,

both

storms

and

harsh summer

sun.

All

four

houses

are

set

on

wooden

pilings.

Since

the

1920s

when

the

fishing

village became

a

summer

resort,

families

have

gradually

adapted

these

houses

as

vacation

cottages

by

enlarging

the

front

porches

and

adding

bedrooms.

In

most

other

respects,

the

forms

and

plans

of

these houses

have

suited

vacationers

perfectly,

requiring

few

alterations.

NFS

Form

10-900-a

0MB

No.

1024-0018

(8-86)

United

States

Department

of

the

Interior

National

Park

Service

NATIONAL

REGISTER

OF

HISTORIC

PLACES

CONTINUATION

SHEET

Section

7

Page

_3_

Cape

Lookout

Village

Historic

District

Carteret

County,

North

Carolina

The

two

earliest

vacation

cottages,

the

1920s

Seifert-Davis

House

(Coca

Cola

House,

#3)

and

the

circa

1930

Baker-Holderness

House

(Casablanca,

#1),

are

completely

different

in

form

and

construction

from

the

earlier

traditional

houses. The

Seifert-Davis

House

is

a

square

frame

house

covered

by

a

low

hip

roof

with

a

porch

that

originally

encircled

the

building.

Inside,

the

cross-

hall

plan

creates

four

bedrooms,

one

in

each corner,

with

all

living,

dining

and

cooking

activities

in

the

center

space.

The

interior

is

open

to

the

roof

rafters,

and

the

partition

walls,

with

wood

sheathing

only

on

their

communal

sides,

extend

only

to

the

top

of

the

outer

walls.

This

airy

interior

functioned

to

provide

maximum

ventilation,

although

with minimal

privacy,

to

every

room

in

the

house.

At

two

stories high,

Casablanca

looms

as

the

largest

house

on

the

Cape,

perched

on

pilings

on

the

west

edge

of

Lookout

Bight

near

Wreck

Point.

One

large living

room

with

a

huge

brick

fireplace

and

French

doors

opening

onto

the

porch,

which

wraps

around three

sides,

occupies the

first

floor

of

the

main

block.

The

kitchen

and

dining

room

occupy

a

one-story

side

wing.

Bedrooms

are

in

the

second

story,

originally

constructed

with

bare

stud

walls.

The

Craftsman

style

of

the house,

its

size,

and

its

minimal

finish

express

its

resort

function.

Two

traditional houses,

the

Bryant

House

(#16)

and

the

Carrie

Arendell

Davis

House

(#18),

were

built

along

the

main

road

in

the

1920s

to

1930s as

permanent

dwellings.

These

small

engaged-

porch

houses

with

traces

of

their

original

board-and-batten

siding

closely resemble

the

modest

houses

built by

Luther

Guthrie

(#15)

and

Clem

Gaskill

(#17).

Two

other

modest

frame

houses

built

ca.

1950

reflect

the

Cape's

continued

popularity

as

a

retreat.

Gordon

Willis

built

his

frame

gable-front

house

(#9)

with

restrained

Craftsman detailing

on

the

site

of

his

birthplace,

his

parents'

home

during the

summer

fishing

months

of

the

1910s.

A

short

distance

to

the

south,

a

small

side-gabled

frame

fishing

cottage

(#13)

may

have

been

built by

a

Coast

Guardsman

as

quarters

for his family.

The

ruins

of

several

structures

remaining

from

World

War

II

harbor

defenses

of

Beaufort

Inlet

are

interspersed

among

the

Cape's

buildings

and

landscape. One

of

these

military

sites

is

within

the

district, on top

of

a

sand

dune

along

the

main

road

through

the

concentration

of

dwellings.

It

contains

remains

of

a

stone

machine

gun

nest

(#11).

Finally,

representing

the

past

fifty

years

of

resort

activity

on

the

Cape

are

the

Les and

Sally

Moore

House,

Store, and

rental

cabins

(#2)

built

from

the

1950s

to

about

1970

and

a

1950s

fishing

cottage

(#12).

The

Moore

House

and

Store

and

the fishing

cottage have

modern

Ranch

house

proportions,

but

their

exterior materials

conform

to

the

Cape

vernacular

and

their

low-

slung

proportions

nestle

them

comfortably

into

the

landscape.

Although

noncontributing,

these

are

not

intrusive.

NFS

Form

10-900-a

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United

States

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the

Interior

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Service

NATIONAL

REGISTER

OF

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PLACES

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Section

7

Page

_4_

Cape

Lookout

Village

Historic

District

Carteret County,

North

Carolina

Integrity

Assessment

The

harsh environment

of

the

Cape,

necessitating

continuous

maintenance,

and

the

changing

functions

of

almost

every

building

in

the

village

have

resulted

in

small

alterations

to

nearly

every

primary

building

in

the

district.

Yet

the

buildings retain

their

basic

forms and

their

original

sites,

with

the

exception

of

the three

government

buildings keeper's

quarters,

life

saving

station,

and

boathouse relocated

in

1958

after

they became

surplus

property.

The

relocation

of

these

three

buildings

was

in

keeping

with

a

long

and

well-documented

tradition

of

moving

coastal

structures

as

needs

and

shorelines

change. The

brick

Keeper's

Quarters was

heavily

restored by

the

Park

Service,

with

replacement

trim,

sash,

and

porches.

The

interior

was

gutted

and

replaced

in

the

mid-twentieth

century.

The

1907

Keeper's

Quarters,

although

relocated,

has

survived

in

nearly

intact

original

condition,

both

inside

and

out,

due

to

careful

preservation

by

the

occupants.

The

Coast

Guard

Station

was

remodeled

on

the

interior

during

its

continued

usage.

It

retains

most

original

exterior

fabric,

and

the

aluminum

siding

that concealed

the

original

weatherboards

has

recently

been

removed. The

Life

Saving

Station

and

Boathouse

are

both

relocated

and

altered

for

use

as

vacation

cottages,

with

porches

added

to

both,

but

each

retains

its

original

form

and

much

exterior

finish.

The

private

houses

of

Cape

Lookout

Village

retain

their

integrity

of

location,

design,

setting,

feeling

and

association.

Most

of

the

houses

have

replacement

exterior

sheathing,

generally

asbestos

shingles

applied

over

the

original

siding.

Most houses

retain

at

least

some

original

wooden

sash

windows.

Original

porches

have

sometimes

been

enlarged

and

are

generally

partially

enclosed

and screened,

but

otherwise,

additions

are

small and

do

not

detract

from

the

original

form.

These

types

of

changes

have

long

been

typical,

even

during the

period

of

significance.

The

only

historic

building

that

is

noncontributing

is

the

Setzer-Dawsey

House

(#19),

a

traditional

small

side-gable

house that

was

expanded

with

a

sizeable

addition

and large

brick chimney

and

has

therefore

lost

its

integrity

of

design.

Since

the

buildings

and

structures

of

the

World

War

II

base were

dismantled

for salvage

shortly

after

the

war,

only

portions

of

them

remain,

primarily

outside

the

district

boundaries.

However,

visitors

observing

the

remains

of

the

stone

machine

gun

nest

atop

a

low

dune

near

a

cluster

of

district

houses

need

only

minimal

interpretation

to

understand

the

original

functions

of

this

structure.

As

one

of

the

few

visible

military

features

left

on

the

Cape,

which

has

been

a

strategic

military

base during

conflicts

since

the

eighteenth

century,

this

evocative

ruin

retains

integrity

of

location,

setting

and

association,

but

additional study

is

necessary

to

determine

its

potential

to

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Form

10-900-a

0MB

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United

States

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of

the

Interior

National

Park

Service

NATIONAL

REGISTER

OF

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CONTINUATION

SHEET

Section

7

Page

_5_

Cape

Lookout

Village

Historic

District

Carteret County,

North

Carolina

yield

valuable

information

that

would

render

it

a

resource

contributing

to

the district's historic

significance.

The

village contains

thirty-one

noncontributing

resources,

but

most

of

these

are

generator

sheds

and

garages

of

small

scale,

traditional

Cape

materials,

and

in

discrete

locations

and

do

not

detract

from

the

district's

overall

significance

and

integrity

of

setting.

The

few

noncontributing

primary

buildings

are

of

simple

design

and

traditional

materials

in

keeping

with

the district's

historic

character.

At

Cape

Lookout

Village,

as

well

as

at

Portsmouth Village

(a

National

Register

Historic

District

at

the

north

end

of

the

Cape

Lookout

National

Seashore),

most

of

the

private

dwellings that

comprised

the

village

at

its

peak

in

the

early

twentieth

century

have

been

lost.

Traditional

Outer

Banks settlements

are

such

a

rare

property

type

that

the

remaining

dwellings

in

both

villages

have

great

significance.

Like

Portsmouth

Village,

Cape

Lookout

Village

retains

its

overall

integrity,

retaining

elements

from

key

stages

of

development

throughout

the

defined

period

of

significance.

Inventory

List

Buildings

are

indicated

as

(B);

structures

as

(ST);

site

as

(S).

Resources

are

listed

in

geographical

order

from

north

to

south.

Historical

information

is

drawn

from

National

Register

nominations,

historical

publications

and

published

histories

of

the

government

life

saving

services,

deeds

and

census

data,

and

interviews

with

long-time residents

and

former

property

owners.

C

1.

(B)

Cape

Lookout

Lighthouse.

1857-1859.

(National

Register,

1972)

The

169-foot

lighthouse

is

a

conical

brick

shaft,

laid

in

one-to-five

common

bond,

and

painted

with

a

distinctive

diaper

pattern

of

alternating

black

and

white

lozenges.

The

shaft

contains

two

doors and

ten

six-over-six

sash

windows,

each

with

wooden

sills and

stone

lintels.

The original

wooden

stair

to

the

cupola

was

replaced

by

a spiral

iron

stair

in

1867.

The

light

is

a

non-rotating

first

order classical

one

optic

lens.

C

a.

(B)

Keepers

Quarters.

1873.

Two-story,

side-gable,

five-bay

dwelling

of

one-to-

seven

common

bond

brick,

painted

white.

Each

gable

end

contains

an

interior

end

chimney

and

no

openings.

Six-over-six

replacement

sash

pierce

the

building.

Reproduction

one-story

shed-

roofed

porches

with

chamfered

posts

extend

along

the

flanks

of

the

building.

Metal

downspouts

connect

to

a

series

of

three

brick

cisterns

beside

the south

gable

end.

The

interior

contains

an

altered

floor

plan,

a

replacement

stair,

and

replacement

woodwork.

NFS

Form

10-900-a

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United

States

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of

the

Interior

National

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Service

NATIONAL

REGISTER

OF

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Section

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Page

JL

Cape

Lookout

Village

Historic

District

Carteret

County,

North

Carolina

NC

b.

(B)

Coal

House,

late

19th

century,

rebuilt

after

1972.

Gabled

frame

shelter

said

to

have

served

as

the

coal

shed

during

occupancy

of

the

keeper's

quarters.

The

structure

was

completely

rebuilt

according

to

its

original

form

by

the

National

Park

Service

to

serve

as

a

shelter

for

visitors.

C

c.

(B)

Oil

House.

1890s.

Small,

flat-roofed

concrete

building,

now

deteriorated.

Lamp

oil

for

the

light

was

stored

here

until

about

1950.

NC

d.

(B)

Summer

Kitchen.

1906.

One-room

gabled

frame

building,

with

smaller

gabled

side

wing,

built

as

kitchen

for

1906

Keeper's

Quarters.

All

exterior

fabric,

including

flush

horizontal

sheathed

walls,

six-panel

doors,

and

6/6

sash,

were

replaced

during

a

rehabilitation by

the

National

Park

Service

after

1972.

C

e.,

f,

&

g.

(ST) (ST) (ST)

Three

brick

cisterns, two

to

the

north

of

quarters,

one

to

the

south,

apparently

late

19

th

c.

These

rectangular

structures

have

l-to-5

common

bond

walls

and

a

concrete

lid.

The

gutters

of

the quarters

drain

into

the

cisterns.

They

are

no

longer

used.

NC

2.

(B)

Les

and

Sally

Moore

House

and

Store,

ca.

1951,

ca.

1960.

One-story

frame

building,

five

bays

wide,

set

on

pilings,

with

vertical

board

sheathing

and

a

low-hipped

roof.

Les

and

Sally

Moore

lived

in

the

south

half

and

operated

a

store

in

the

north

half.

About

1960

they

added

hipped

wings

to

the

rear,

which

created

an

enclosed

courtyard

deck.

Somewhat

later

a

low-

gabled

addition

was

added

to

the south

end.

The

original

building

has

replacement

doors

and

sash

windows. The

addition's

plywood

sheathing

and

2/2

horizontal

sash

windows

appear

original.

A

concrete

boardwalk

extends

to

two

rear

outbuildings.

The

complex

is

being

refurbished

to

become

the

Cape

Lookout

Environmental Education

Center.

NC

a.

(B)

Storage

Shed.

ca.

1975.

Small

frame

building

set

on

piling,

with

plywood

siding

and

a

hipped

roof

with

exposed

rafters.

NC

b.

(B)

Garage,

ca.

1975.

Volunteers

built

this

for

the

National Park

Service.

It

is set

on

pilings,

covered

with

plywood

sheathing,

and

has

a

side

gable

roof.

NC

c.

(B)

Generator

Shed.

ca.

1960.

The

Moores

built

this

for

their

electrical

generator.

It

has

a

piling

foundation,

plywood

siding,

and

a

hip

roof

with

exposed

rafter

tails.

NC

d.

(B)

Rental

Cabin.

1950s.

One-room,

side-gable

frame

building,

set

on

pilings,

with

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Cape

Lookout

Village Historic

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Carteret

County,

North

Carolina

vertical

board

siding and

some

plywood

siding,

6/6

sash

windows,

and

a

rear

shed

porch,

partially

enclosed.

The

Moores

probably

rented

this

cabin

to

fishermen.

NC

e.

f.

&

g.

(B)

Set

of

three

small

rental

cabins,

ca.

1970.

The

cabins

are set

in

a

row

north

of

the

house.

Each

cabin

features

a

piling

foundation,

frame

construction

with

plywood

siding,

and

a

side-gable

roof.

The

west

and

east

facade

has

a

center

door

with

flanking

windows.

The

Moores

rented

these cabins

to

fishermen.

NC

h.

(ST)

Well.

1960s.

Deep-water

well

dug

in

the

1960s

for

the

Moores. The

pump

was

originally

powered

by

a

windmill.

The

propeller

has

been

removed,

but

the

metal

frame

is

still

in

place.

NC

i.

(ST)

Dock.

ca.

1951,

ca.

1990.

Creosoted

pilings

support

a

dock extending

approximately

100

feet

into

the

bight.

The

Moores

built

the

dock,

which

has

been

reworked

in

recent

years

by

the

National

Park

Service.

C

3.

(B)

Seifert-Davis

House

(Coca-Cola

House).

1920s.

One-story

frame

house

of

approximately

square

form,

6

bays

x

7

bays,

covered

by

a low

pyramidal

roof.

A

shed

porch

wraps

around

the

front

and

west

side.

It

originally

extended

along

the

east

side

as

well,

but

this

section

is

now removed.

Cast concrete piers

support

the

building.

Plywood

siding

covers the

walls,

and

6/6

sash,

now

being

replaced

by

vinyl

windows,

illuminate

the

interior.

The

front

door,

with

four

raised

panels,

is

apparently

original.

Plain

square

posts support

the

porch.

A

shed

garage

of

recent

construction

is

attached

to

the

rear.

The

interior

features

an

unusual cross-hall

plan,

with

a

bedroom

at

each

corner.

The

hall

space,

open

to

the

roof

rafters,

serves

as

the

public

common

space,

containing

the

living,

dining

and

kitchen

activities.

Likewise,

the

bedrooms

have

partition

walls

which

support

the

roof

rafters,

but

no

ceilings.

The

partition

walls

are

sheathed

on

the

side

toward

the

public

areas,

and

the

studs

are

exposed on

the

interior

side.

The

interior

thus

consists

of

one

large

airy

space

separated

by

low

partition

walls,

which

allows

maximum

ventilation

to

all

of

the

spaces.

The

C.

A.

Seifert

family

of

New

Bern,

owners

of

the

local

Coca-Cola

distributorship,

had

the

house

built

on

a

lot

purchased

from

the

Cape

Lookout

Development

Company

in

1927

(copy

of

deed

in

file).

It

has

been

known

as

the

Coca-Cola House

both because

of

this

association

and

because,

until

recent

years,

it

had

been

painted

bright

red

since

at

least

the

1950s.

During

World

War

II

the

house

is

said

to

have

been

the

site

of

Saturday

night

square

dances

for

soldiers

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_8_

Cape

Lookout

Village

Historic

District

Carteret County,

North

Carolina

stationed

at

the

Cape

and

local

girls.

In

the

1950s

the

Seiferts

sold

it

to

Harry

Davis,

curator

of

the

North

Carolina

Natural History

Museum

in

Raleigh.

Davis was

a

figure

of

major

importance

in

the

environmental

conservation movement

in

the

state,

and

the

house

served

as

base

camp

for

some

of

his

nature

fieldwork

as

well

as

a

retreat

for

organizations

that

he

helped

to

found.

The

North

Carolina

Shell

Club,

of

which

he

was

a

founder,

had meetings

at

the

house. While

co-

writing

The

Birds

of

North

Carolina,

Davis

caught

and

banded

falcons

and

conducted

other

bird

studies

at

the

Cape.

Davis

owned

a

large

tract

of

open

land

on

Core

Banks, and

is

said

to

have

been

a

catalyst

in

the

decision

by

the

state

to

purchase

the

land

for

a

state

park.

Harry

Davis

deeded

the

house

to

his

nephews,

who

now

hold

the lease

from

the

Park

Service.

C

4.

(B)

Keepers

Quarters

(Dr.

Graham

and

Mary

Barden

House)

1907.

The six-room, two-

story

house

was

built

as

a

second

lighthouse

keeper's

quarters

for

the

Cape

Lookout

Light.

W.

J.

B.

Shull

of

Beaufort

was

the

contractor.

The

total cost

was

$4,479.

The

house

originally

sat

immediately

south

of

the

brick

Keepers

Quarters.

The

keeper

and

his

family

continued

to

occupy

the

house

until

about

1930.

During

World

War

II

it

housed

military

troops.

In

1958

it

was

sold

by

the

United

States

Coast

Guard

as

surplus property.

Dr.

and

Mrs.

Graham

Barden

purchased

the

house

and

moved

it

south

to

its

present

site,

where

it

has

served

as

a

summer

cottage

for

them

since

that

time.

The

house

stands

on

a

high

concrete

block

foundation,

in

nearly

intact

condition.

The

main

block,

three

bays

wide

and one

bay

deep,

has

a

side-gable

roof,

with

a

rear,

central

two-story

ell

with

a

gable

roof.

All

original exterior

trim

has

been

retained.

The

original

clapboard

walls,

painted

white,

have

been

replaced

by

unpainted

cedar

clapboards.

Wide

cornerboards

define

the

corners.

The

eaves

have

a

wide

overhang,

with

boxing,

and

a

decoratively finished ridgeboard

projects

from

the

peak

of

each

gable

end.

An

oculus,

probably originally

a

louvered

ventilator,

is

centered

in

each

gable

end.

Original

windows

of

4/4

and

6/6

sash

pierce

the

walls.

These

have

wide

plain

surrounds

with

drip

caps.

The

front

door

has

been

replaced.

The

side

door

leading

into

the

ell

is

an

original

four-panel

door,

the

upper

panels

glazed,

with

a

single-pane

transom.

The

front

porch

and

ell

porch

are

original.

Sturdy

chamfered

posts

support

a

shed

roof

with

exposed

rafters,

decoratively finished

rafter

tails,

and

a

traditional

railing.

The

ell

porch

does

not

have

a

railing.

A

single

tall stuccoed

chimney

with

corbelled

cap

projects

from

the

center

of

the

roof.

The

original

architectural drawings

of

the house,

published

in

the

1908

Annual

Report

of

the

Light-House

Board

shows

the

original

usage

of

the

six

rooms.

A

center

hall

with

steep

staircase

extends

between

a

bedroom

and

a

sitting

room.

The

only

fireplace

in

the

house

opened

in

the

sitting

room.

The

hall

terminates

at

the kitchen,

and

upstairs

are

three

bedrooms.

Interior

finish

is

NFS

Form

10-900-a

0MB

No.

1024-0018

(8-86)

United

States

Department

of the

Interior

National Park

Service

NATIONAL

REGISTER

OF

HISTORIC

PLACES

CONTINUATION

SHEET

Section

7

Page

_9_

Cape

Lookout

Village

Historic

District

Carteret

County,

North

Carolina

intact,

consisting

of

wooden

floors,

beadboarded

walls

and

ceilings, and

four

raised

panel

doors.

Wide

surrounds

with

mitered

nosings

finish

all

openings.

The

stair

has

a

closed

string,

a

massive

plain

newel

at

the

base and

top,

rounded

handrail

and

turned

balusters.

Around

the

stairwell

in

the

upstairs

hall,

a

headboard

wall

forms

the

stair

enclosure.

NC

a.

(B)

Generator

Shed.

ca.

1958.

Small

frame

building

of

gabled

form,

with

vertical

sheathed

walls

and

composition

shingled

roof.

C

5.

(B)

Jetty

Worker's

House

No.

1.

ca.

1915.

One-story

frame,

side-gable

house

built

on

pilings,

front

and

rear

engaged

porches.

The

five-bay-wide

house

has

undergone

periodic

refurbishing.

Original

board-and-batten

covers

the exterior

walls,

but

most

of

this

is

now

concealed

beneath

plywood

sheathing.

Beneath

the

porches

is

original

vertical

flush

sheathing.

The

original

five-panel

front

and

rear

doors

are

in

place,

as

are

the

original

2/2

sash,

with

some

original

two-pane

casement

windows

on

the

rear.

The

floor

plan

features

a

central

large

room,

flanked

by

two

small

bedrooms

on

each

side.

An

original

porch

room

opens

from

the

rear

engaged

porch.

The

interior

walls

have

exposed

studs.

A

beadboard

ceiling

covers

the

interior. In

more

recent

years,

the

porches

have

been

screened.

The

most recent

alteration

is

the

replacement

of

an

outbuilding

that

was

positioned

very

close

to

the

house

almost

as

a

rear

ell,

with

a

true

rear

ell

of

two

rooms

(bedroom

and

boathouse).

The

shed-roofed,

plywood-sheathed

wing,

designed

in

consultation

with

the

National

Park

Service,

preserves

the

integrity

of

the

original

house

in

its

compatible

form,

scale,

materials, lower

roofline,

and

linkage

by

a

small

enclosed

"hyphen"

at

one

end

of

the

screened porch;

the

number

of

rooms

in

the

wing

and

its

square

footage

approximate

those

of

the

original

construction

on

the

site.

Sylvia

and

Brent

Nash

and

the

Hussy

families

of

Tarboro

are

the

current

lessees.

This

is

the

first

house

built by

a

private

construction

firm

to

house

workers

who

were

constructing

the

rock

jetty

at

the

west

end

of

the

Cape. It

was

apparently

the

residence

of

Dominick

Asdenti,

from

Baltimore,

Maryland,

who

served

as

foreman

of

the

jetty

crew.

He

married

Mary

Rose,

an

18-

year-old

Cape

girl

and

had

a

family

while

in

residence

here.

Asdenti

built

a

store

that

has

disappeared.

NC

b.

(ST)

Water

Tower,

ca.

1980.

Two-story

framework

of

vertical

posts

and

cross

pieces

supporting

an

elevated deck

containing

a

water

tank.

C

6.

(B)

Jetty

Worker's

House

No.

2.

ca.

1915.

Nearly

identical

to

Jetty

Worker's

House

No.

1,

this

1-story

frame,

five-bay-wide

house

stands

on

pilings,

with

an

engaged

front

porch

and

rear

NPS

Form

10-900-a

OMB

Approval

No.

1024-0018

(8-86)

United

States

Department

of

the

Interior

National

Park

Service

National

Register

of

Historic Places

Continuation

Sheet

7

9a

Section

number

___

Page

___

Discussion

with

the

National

Park

Service

about

the

shed-roofed

wing

addition

to

Jetty

Worker's

House

No.

1

consisted

of

a

phone

conversation

with

the

lessee.

NFS

Form

10

-900

-a

0MB

No.

1024-0018

(8-86)

United

States

Department

of

the

Interior

National

Park

Service

NATIONAL

REGISTER

OF

HISTORIC

PLACES

CONTINUATION

SHEET

Section

7

Page

10

Cape

Lookout

Village

Historic

District

Carteret

County,

North Carolina

porch.

The

exterior

walls

have

asbestos

shakes,

and

horizontal

flush

sheathing

covers

the

walls

beneath

the porches.

Original

five-panel

doors,

2/2

sash,

and

rear casement

windows

are

still

in

place.

At

the

rear,

a

small

porch

room

opens

onto

the

rear

porch. The

floor

plan,

containing

a

large

central

room

with

four

small

bedrooms

on

the

ends

and

the

rear

porch

room,

is

identical

to

Jetty Worker

House

No.

1.

To

the

rear,

separated

by

the

open

porch,

is

a

two-bedroom

addition,

made

about

1940,

with

wide

vertical

sheathing

and

a

shed

roof.

At

some

point

the

porch

was

extended

around

the

south

side

to

connect

with

the

rear

porch.

This

was

constructed

by

a

private

firm

to

house

workers

building

the

rock

jetty

out

from

the

west

side

of

the

Cape.

The

current

lessees

are

Wiley

and

June

Long

of

Roanoke

Rapids.

NC

a.

(B)

Garage/Boathouse.

post-

1950.

Small

one-story

frame,

gable-front building

with

vertical

siding

and large

batten

doors

occupying

east

half

of

front

NC

b.

(ST)

Water

Tower,

post-

1950.

Two-story

framework

of

vertical

posts

and

cross

pieces supporting

an

elevated

deck

containing

a

water

tank.

C

7.

(B)

Baker-Holderness

House

(Casablanca),

ca.

1930.

The

largest

private

house

standing

at

the

Cape,

Casablanca

is

a

two-story

frame,

three-bay-wide

house

with

a

low-pitched

hip

roof,

and

a

large

one-story

west

wing. The

house

sits

prominently

on

the

southern

shore

of

the

inlet,

its

physical

allure

enhanced

by

its

name

evoking

tropical

intrigue.

The

house

stands

on

pilings,

has

white

painted

weatherboards,

and

exposed

rafter

tails

along

the

eaves.

A

large

painted

brick

chimney

stands

at

the

east

end.

The

front

door

and

rear

doors

are

double

French

doors,

and

windows

have

some

original

6/6

sash

and

some

replacement

1/1

sash.

A

one-

story

shed

porch

(apparently

always

screened)

with

plain

square

posts

and

exposed

rafter

tails wraps

around

the

front,

east

and

south

sides.

The

house

was

built

about

1930

as

a

summer cottage

by

one

Mr.

Baker.

Around

1940

George

Alien

Holderness

of

Tarboro

purchased

a

part-interest,

along

with

several

other

Tarboro

families,

who

shared

use

of

the

cottage

for

many

years.

The

Holderness

children

currently

hold

a

lease

from

the

Park

Service.

A

long

pier

extended

out

from

the

house

until

recent

years.

Cape

fiddlers

held

many

a

square

dance

for

residents

and

visitors

in

this house

in

the

pre-Park

era.

The

first

floor

of

the

main

block

consists

of

one

large

living

room,

with

a

huge

Craftsman-style

brick

fireplace

at

the

east

end,

plaster

walls,

and

a

board-and-batten

ceiling.

The

one-story wing

contains

a

kitchen

with

a

thick

red

brick

exterior

chimney. The

upstairs

bedroom

story

is

said

to

have

originally

been

left

unfinished,

with

bare

stud

walls.

NFS

Form

10-900-a

OMB

No.

1024-0018

(8-86)

United

States

Department

of

the

Interior

National

Park

Service

NATIONAL

REGISTER

OF

HISTORIC

PLACES

CONTINUATION

SHEET

Section

7

Page

11

Cape

Lookout

Village

Historic

District

Carteret County,

North Carolina

C

a.

(B)

Outbuilding,

c.

1930.

Front-gable

building

built

on

pilings,

with

weatherboard

walls,

six-pane

casement

windows,

and

exposed

rafter

tails.

Its

original

use

is

unknown.

NC

b.

(B)

Garage,

c.

1980.

One-car

front

gable

frame

garage,

with

plain

weatherboard,

a

plywood

door,

and

exposed

rafter

tails.

C

8.

(ST)

Circulation

Network.

19

th

c.

to

present.

A

loosely

knit

system

of

unnamed

dirt

and

concrete

roads

connect

the

lighthouse

complex,

clusters

of

houses,

and

former

Coast

Guard

station

(see

map,

figure

2).

Most

of

the

roadways

are

of

packed

dirt,

varying

from

little

more

than

wide

sandy

paths

to

well-graded

roadbeds.

Prior

to

World

War

II,

everyone

traveled

primarily

by

foot,

horse,

or

horse-drawn

cart;

even

in

the

1920s

and

1930s,

there

was

little

need

for

improved

roads

as

motorized

vehicles

were

extremely

rare on

the

Cape.

In

this

natural landscape

of

shifting

sands

easily

altered

by

severe

weather,

dirt

lanes

have

come

and

gone

over

the years

as

needs

have

changed.

On

aerial

photographs

(see

figure

3),

abandoned roads

in

the

natural

landscape

are

no

longer

visible

and

few

traces

can

be

found

on

the

ground

(on

map,

Coast

Guard

patrol

road

"F/

1

and

road

"F

2

"),

while

certain

historic

roads

that

remain

in

use

are

barely

discernable

(which

explains

why

certain

historic

roads south

of

the

district

do

not

appear

on

the

1951USGSmap).

The

only

paved

road

is

the

approximately

twenty-foot-wide

concrete

road

that

extends

from

the

former

Coast

Guard

Station

to

the

dock

at

the

west

hook

of

the

Cape

("C"

on

map).

It

was

constructed

in

connection

with

the

temporary

harbor

defenses

of

Beaufort

Inlet

erected

at

the

Cape

in

1942

and

deactivated

in

1944.

The

narrow

dirt

lane

from

the

Coast

Guard

Station

through

the

largest

concentration

of

dwellings

and

on

to

the

Bight

is

known

locally

as

the

"main

road"

("A"

on

map).

Other

historic

roads

in

this

vicinity

are

the

"side road"

and

the

"east

road"

("E"

and

"G"

on

map,

respectively),

routes

used

by

village

residents

for

primary

access

to

the

east

ocean

beach.

For

the

most

part,

north-south

travel

along

the

Core

Banks

has

always

been

on

the

hard-packed

sand

at

the

ocean's

edge,

except

at

high

tide

when

motorized

vehicles

use

the

"back

road"

("B"

on

map),

believed

to

be

the

oldest

road

on

the

cape.

At

the

north

end

of

the

district,

an

original

portion

of

the

back

road ("old

B"

on

map)

veers

off

to

the

lighthouse

complex

and

the

back

road

continues

along

a

newer

path

to

the

north.

In

the

marshy

area

near

the

junction

of

the

east

and

back

roads, the

National

Park

Service

installed

a

small

bridge

ca.

1980.

Today,

most

travel

within

the

district

is

by

foot,

bicycle, or

small

all-terrain

three-wheeled

vehicles.

Four-wheel

drive

vehicles,

mostly

driven

by

visitors

who

have

arrived

via

the

ferry

to

the

north,

tend

to

use

the

back

road

and

two

dirt

parking

areas

just

to

the

west

(circled

"P"

on

map).

NFS

Form

10-900-a

0MB

No.

1024-0018

(8-86)

United

States

Department

of

the

Interior

National

Park

Service

NATIONAL

REGISTER

OF

HISTORIC

PLACES

CONTINUATION

SHEET

Section

7

Page

12

Cape

Lookout

Village

Historic

District

Carteret County,

North

Carolina

C

a.

(ST)

(former)

Coast

Guard

Dock.

ca.

1950.

Creosoted

pilings

support

a

dock

extending

approximately

1,000

feet

into

the

bight.

Decking

is

heavy

boards

laid

crosswise.

An

L-shaped

extension

marks

the

dock's

far

end.

In

recent

years,

replacement

concrete

pilings

have

been

installed

and

a

portion

of

the

deck

at

the

outer

end

of

the

dock

have

been

covered

or

replaced

with

concrete

as

the

wooden

members

have

deteriorated.

With

the

exception

of

materials

for

a

portion

of

the

structure,

all

other

aspects

of

integrity

remain

intact.

Remnants

of

the

earlier

20

th

-century

Coast

Guard

dock,

which

the

current structure

replaced,

are

evident

immediately

to

the

northwest.

C

9.

(B)

Gordon

Willis

House,

ca.

1950.

One-story

frame

front-gable

house

of

modest

Craftsman

style,

set

on

pilings,

with

German

siding,

sash

windows

concealed

behind

plywood

shutters,

and

a

roof

with

exposed

rafter

tails.

A large

shed-roofed

screened

front

porch

may

be

a

later

addition.

The

house

is

the

first

one

along

the

"main

road,"

the dirt

lane

leading

to

the Coast

Guard

Station.

A small

grove

of

evergreen

trees cedars

and

live

oaks-shelters

the

house.

Gordon

Willis

built

this

house

on

the

site

of

his

childhood

home.

He

was

born

at

the

Cape

in

1916

while

his

parents

were

living there

during the

summer

fishing

months.

His widow,

Mrs.

Ella

Willis,

is

the

lessee

of

this

house.

CIO.

(B)

Life

Saving

Station.

1888,

moved

1958.

This

two-story

building remained

beside

the

former Coast

Guard

Station

until it

was

sold

in

1958

to

Kelly

Willis,

former

captain

of

the

mail

boat,

who

moved

it to

this

site.

As

one

of

only

two

surviving examples

of

1880s

life

saving

station

design in

North

Carolina

(of

six

built

in

the

state

during

this

decade),

it

is

an

important

landmark

in

the

progression

of

life

saving stations

along

the

South

Atlantic

coast

from

the

1870s

to

the

1940s.

(Felix

Revello,

Cape

Lookout

Coast

Guard

Station

nomination,

1988,

8.4)

Originally,

most

of

the

first

floor

would

have

served

as

the

boatroom,

with

the

remaining

space

a

living

area

for

crew.

The second

floor

had

rooms

for

the

keeper

and

crew

and

for

storage.

The

current

lessee

is

Sammy Daniels

from

New

Bern.

The

two-story

rectangular

frame

building,

two

bays

wide

and

three

bays

deep,

of

Downingesque-

Queen

Anne style

has

a

front-gable

form

with

an

ornate

roofline

created

by

a

large

cross-gable

in

the

center

of

each

of

the

flank

elevations.

Each

gable

has

a

decorative

kingpost

truss

and

a

pair

of

4/4

sash

windows.

On

each

side

of

the

cross-gable,

a

small

hip-roofed

wall

dormer, apparently

an

early

addition,

breaks

through

the

roofline.

A

similar

king

post

truss

accents

the

front

and

rear

gable

ends.

The

building

rests

on

a

stone

block

foundation. The

first

story

retains

German

siding,

which

may

be

original,

beneath

a

porch

elevation;

elsewhere

asbestos shakes

cover

the

exposed

NFS

Form

10-900-a

0MB

No.

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United

States

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of

the

Interior

National

Park

Service

NATIONAL

REGISTER

OF

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PLACES

CONTINUATION

SHEET

Section

7

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13

Cape

Lookout

Village

Historic

District

Carteret County,

North

Carolina

walls.

Wood

shakes,

apparently

added

over

original

board

and

batten

at

a

relatively

early

date,

cover

the

second

story.

Tall

4/4

sash

illuminate

the

building.

At

the

south gable

end,

a

one-story

porch

with turned

posts

may

be

original,

as

it

would

have

sheltered

the

domestic

section

of

the

building.

The front,

north

gable

originally contained

a

large

double-door

for

the

life-saving

boats

and

a

lookout

tower.

The

tower

has

been

removed

and

the

wall

infilled

with

an

early four-panel

door

with transom

and

an

early

window,

sheltered

by

a

one-story

porch

with

plain

posts

and

a

shed-roofed

balcony

on

the

upper

level.

Although

the

building

has

lost

some

integrity,

mainly

through

the

alteration

of

its

original

facade

and

through

the

relocation,

it

retains

integrity

of

materials,

craftsmanship,

feeling

and

association,

and

a

setting

close

to

and

of

similar

vegetation

to

the

original

site.

Most

of

the changes

are

typical

of

early

conversions

of

lifesaving

stations

to

residential

use

and

probably

occurred

about

the

time

of

the

construction

of

the

replacement

station

in

1916-17

(see

entry

20).

NC

a.

(B)

Shed.

1950s.

Small

shed-roofed

building.

NC

11.

(S)

Machine

Gun

Nest

Site.

1942.

A

circular

depression

at

the

top

of

a

tall

sand

dune,

with

a

ring

of

granite

rocks encircling

the

depression,

are all

that

remains

of

a

machine

gun

nest

built

here

as

part

of

the

harbor

defenses

of

Beaufort

Inlet

in

1942.

NC

12.

(B)

Fishing

Cottage

No.

1.

1950s.

This

low-pitched

frame

four-bay-wide

fishing

cottage

set

on

pilings

reflects

the

horizontality

of

the

Ranch

house

style

popularized

in

the

1950s,

although

its

materials

conform

to

the

Cape

vernacular.

Sided

with

narrow

vertical

sheathing

and

some

later

plywood,

its

low

side-gable

roof

has

exposed

rafter

tails.

The

front

screened

porch

may

be

original.

The

sash

windows

are

covered

with

plywood

shutters.

NC

a.

(B)

Shed.

1950s.

Small

front-gable

shed

with

weatherboard

siding

and

a

steeply-

pitched

roof.

C

13.

(B)

Fishing

Cottage

No.

2.

ca.

1950.

Small

fishing

cottage

of

one-story,

side-gable,

frame

construction,

set

on

pilings,

with

German

siding,

casement

and

sash

windows

covered

by

plywood

shutters,

and

a

roof

with

exposed

rafter

tails.

The

house

has

no

porch,

but

has

a

rear

engaged

shed

addition

that

serves

partially

as

a

garage.

The

house

is

set

among

small

evergreen

trees

along

the

dirt

road

leading

to

the

Coast

Guard

Station.

It

may have

been

built

by

a

Coast

Guardsman

as

quarters

for his

family.

C

14.

(B)

Life

Saving

Station

Boat

House

(David

Yeomans

House),

ca.

1887,

moved

1958.

NFS

Form

10-900-a

0MB

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1024-0018

(8-86)

United

States

Department

of

the

Interior

National

Park

Service

NATIONAL

REGISTER

OF

HISTORIC

PLACES

CONTINUATION

SHEET

Section

7

Page

14

Cape

Lookout

Village

Historic

District

Carteret

County,

North

Carolina

Small,

1-story

frame

rectangular

building,

three-bays-wide,

with

a

deep

hip

roof

with

exposed

rafter

tails.

The

building

stands

on

pilings.

Walls

are

covered

with

wood

shakes,

window

openings have

plywood

shutters,

but

several

original

2/2

sash

are

visible.

When

the

Coast

Guard

no

longer

needed

the

boathouse,

David

Yeomans,

long-time

Cape

resident,

bought

and

moved

the

building

from

its

original

site

500

feet

north

and

remodeled

it

as

a cottage.

Yeomans

added

the

front

shed

porch

and

later

enclosed

it.

NC

a.

(B)

Generator

Shed.

ca.

1958.

Small

side-gabled

building

with

four-panel

front

door,

wooden

wall

shakes,

and

exposed

rafter

tails.

C

15.(B)

Luther

Guthrie

House,

ca.

1910.

One-story

side-gable

frame

house

with

engaged

front

porch,

asbestos

wall

shakes,

and

replacement

1/1

sash

windows.

The

house

stands

on

pilings.

The

roof

has

exposed

rafter

tails.

A

brick

flue

of

recent construction

stands

at

the

south

gable

end.

The

original

house

contained

a

combination

living

room/kitchen

on

the

left

side

and

two

bedrooms

just

large

enough

for

a

bed

on

the

right

side.

A

kitchen

and

bedroom

were

added

at

the

rear

by

the Ogilvies.

Luther

S.

Guthrie,

who

worked

at

the

Life

Saving

Station,

built

this

house

for his daughter.

In

1928

he

sold

it

to

H.

J.

and

R.

S.

Ogilvie

of

Wilkes

County,

who

added

three

rooms

and

used

it

as

a

cottage.

They

sold

it to

Mrs.

Ogilvie's

nephew,

Paul

Harvell, in

1954,

who

sold

it

to

the

current

owners,

now

lessees,

Headon

and

Gladys

Willis

of

Marshallberg,

in

1958.

They

replaced

the

narrow

porch

with

a

large screened

porch.

NC

a.

(B)

Garage,

ca.

1970.

Shed-roofed

plywood

garage.

C

16.

(B)

Bryant

House,

ca.

1928.

One-story

traditional

side-gable

frame

house,

set

on

pilings,

with

a

front

engaged

porch.

The

walls

are

covered

with

asbestos

siding

applied

over

vertical

sheathing.

Windows

include

4/4

sash and

2/2

sash,

and

the

roof

has

exposed

rafter

tails.

The

front

porch

was

extended

forward

to

the

front,

and

screened

in.

Inside,

the

house

contains

a

combination

living

room-kitchen

and

two

small

bedrooms.

Out-of-season

the

porch

is

sheltered

with

plywood

shutters.

According

to

tradition, the

house

was

built

in

1928

by

a

Coast

Guardsman

for

his

family.

During

World

War

II

some

Army

servicemen

were

quartered

here.

Ralph

Bryant,

a

North

Carolina

State

University

forestry

professor,

and

his

wife

Evelyn

used

it

as

a

vacation cottage

in

the

1950s.

They

sold

it to

Hilma

and

Cecil

Phelps

of

Marshallberg

in

1960.

The

Phelps

used

it

as

a

cottage.

Their

daughter

Carolyn

and

her

husband

Johnny

Willis

are

now

the

leaseholders.

NFS

Form 10-900-a

0MB

No.

1024-0018

(8-86)

United

States

Department

of

the

Interior

National

Park

Service

NATIONAL

REGISTER

OF

HISTORIC

PLACES

CONTINUATION

SHEET

Section

7

Page

15

Cape

Lookout

Village

Historic

District

Carteret

County,

North

Carolina

NC

a.

(B)

Garage,

c.

1980.

Shed-roofed

1-car

garage

sheathed

with

plywood.

C

17.

(B)

Gaskill-Guthrie

House,

ca.

1915.

One-story

side-gable

frame

house,

built

on

pilings,

with

an

engaged

porch

at

the

front

and

rear.

Walls

are

covered

with

asbestos

siding

that

is

apparently

original.

The

roof

has

exposed

rafter

tails,

and

windows

include

original

2/2

sash

as

well

as

two-pane

casements.

The

porches

are

both

screened

and

secured

out-of-season with

plywood

shutters.

The

house

was

apparently

built by

Clem

and

Louise

Gaskill,

who

moved

to

Harkers

Island

during

the

1917

exodus.

Clem

Gaskill

is

listed in

the

1920

Census

as

a

Coast

Guardsman

at

the

new

station.

The

Cape

Lookout

Development

Company

acquired

the

property

and

sold

it

to

Odell

Guthrie,

another

Coast

Guardsman,

in

1921.

He

sold

it

to

Grayer

and

Barbara

Willis

in

1951.

Their

son

Keith

Willis

and

his

wife

Annette purchased the

house

in

1974.

They

were

granted

a

25-year

lease

in

1976

by

the

National

Park

Service.

(Deeds,

family

papers

of

Keith

Willis

family,

1920

U.S.

Census,

Carteret

County,

Population

Schedule, Straits

Township)

NC

a.(B)

Shed.

ca.

1970.

Shed-roofed

building

covered

with

metal

sheathing.

C

18.

(B)

Carrie

Arendell

Davis

House,

ca.

1930.

Modest

house

of

one-story

frame

side-gable

construction,

with

engaged

front

porch. The

house

stands

on

pilings,

has

board-and-batten

siding

beneath

the

front

porch

and

asbestos

wall

shakes

on

the

rest

of

the

wall

surfaces,

and

6/6

sash.

The

front

porch

was

extended

and

screened.

A small

flat-roofed

addition

extends

to

the

rear

and

south

side.

Carrie

Arendell

Davis

is

said

to

have

built

this

house,

as

well

as

a

dance

hall

and

snack

bar

on

the

shore

of

the

bight

that

hosted

popular

weekend

parties

during the

1930s.

Mrs.

Davis

kept

boarders

in

the

house.

She

sold

the

house

and

dance

hall/store

to

Gladys

Harker,

who

operated

it

for

about

ten

years.

Clark

and

Mary

Sue

Davis

from

Harkers

Island

presently

occupy

the house.

NC

a.

(B)

Shed.

ca.

1960.

Metal-sided

storage

building

with

a

shed

roof.

NC

19.

(B)

Setzer-Dawsey

House,

ca.

1940,

various

later

additions.

One-story,

side-gable

house

set

on

pilings,

with

board-and-batten

siding,

sash

windows

covered

with

plywood

shutters.

The

house

has

been

expanded

and

remodeled,

with

a

large

brick

chimney

on

the

north

gable

end,

an

addition

on

the

south

end,

and

a

wide

engaged screened

porch

across

the

front

(east

side).

The

original

core

of

this

house

is

believed

to

have

been

built by

a

Coast

Guardsman

as

quarters

for

NFS

Form

10-900-a

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United

States

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of

the

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OF

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CONTINUATION

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Section

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Page

16

Cape

Lookout

Village

Historic

District

Carteret

County,

North

Carolina

his

family during

World

War

II.

It

has

been

leased

for

many

years

by

Dr.

Dawsey

of

Shelby.

NC

a.

(B)

Garage,

ca.

1970.

One-story,

frame

front-gable

garage,

covered

with

plywood

siding.

NC

b.

(B)

Shed.

ca.

1970.

Small

square frame

building

with

gabled

roof,

perhaps

a

generator

shed.

Plain

weatherboard,

exposed

rafter

tails.

A

low

plywood

storage

extension

was

added

recently.

20.

(former)

U.S.

Coast

Guard

Station

(NR,

1989).

The

Coast

Guard

Station

was

built

to

replace

the

Life

Saving

Station

which

had

stood

on

the

site

since

1888.

The

station

was

built

for

a

crew

of

nine,

but

housed

some

twenty-two

in

later

years.

The

station,

one

of

three

of

the

same

design

built

along

the

North

Carolina

coast,

is

the

only

one

that

has survived.

The

architect

is

unknown,

but

the

contractor

was

W.

J.

B.

Shull

of

Newport,

N.C.

The

station

was

decommissioned

in

1982

and

currently

functions

as

a

field

school for

the

North

Carolina

Maritime

Museum

of

Beaufort.

C

a.

(B)

Main

Station.

1916-1917.

Rectangular

2-story

frame

building

containing

office

space

and

living

quarters

for

the

crew.

The

design,

evocative

of

the

Georgian

Revival

style,

features

a

five-bay

facade

dominated

by

a

steep

gable-on-hip

roof

crowned

by

a

cupola.

Small

windows

in

the

gable

ends

illuminate

the

attic.

Vinyl

siding

had

recently

been

removed

to

reveal

the

original

plain

clapboard

which

has

a

bell-cast profile

at

the base.

All

windows

contain

replacement

1/1

sash.

The

overhanging

roof

has

boxed

eaves.

A

one-story,

hipped

front

porch

with concrete

floor

shelters

a

trio

of

entrances,

each

with

a

glazed

and

paneled

door

surmounted

by

a

three-light

transom.

The

building

stands

on

a

full

poured

concrete

basement

containing

coal

storage and

boiler

areas.

A

tall

brick

chimney

is

partially

embedded

in

one

side

of

the

cupola.

Another chimney

occupied

the

other

side,

but

has

been

removed.

The

cupola,

with

bellcast

base

of

clapboard

and

eight

sash

windows,

has

a

pyramidal

roof

with

overhanging

eaves.

In

the

center

rear

elevation,

a

gabled

bulkhead

provides

outside

access

to

the

basement.

The

first

floor

contains

the

keeper's

room,

an

office,

the

crew's

room,

the

storm

clothes

room,

a

spare

room,

and

a

bathroom.

An

enclosed

stair

leads

to

the second

floor,

containing

a

center

hall

flanked

by

two

bedrooms.

Another

stair

leads

to

the

attic and

the

cupola.

Original

interior

finishes

include

plaster

and

some

beadboard

wainscot,

although

much

of

the

finish

is

now

concealed

beneath

masonite

paneling.

NFS

Form

10-900-a

OMB

No

1024-0018

(8-86)

United

States

Department

of

the

Interior

National

Park

Service

NATIONAL

REGISTER

OF

HISTORIC

PLACES

CONTINUATION

SHEET

Section

7

Page

17

Cape

Lookout

Village

Historic

District

Carteret County,

North Carolina

C

b.

(B)

Galley.

1917.

1-story,

side-gabled

frame

building,

set

at

right

angles

to

the

main

station,

with wide overhanging

boxed

eaves

along

the

front

and

rear

and

flush

gable

eaves.

It

is

covered

with

plain

clapboard

and

pierced

with

1/1

replacement

sash

windows.

The

original

north

end

exterior

gable

end

chimney

has

been

removed.

In

1982

a

vinyl-sheathed

shed

porch,

now

partially

enclosed,

was

added

to

the

side

toward the

station,

but

recently

most

of

it

has

been

removed.

C

c.

(B)

Equipment

Building.

1940.

Four-bay,

side-gable garage

of

Colonial

Revival

design,

with

a

concrete

slab

foundation,

wood

wall

shakes,

corner

posts

and

boxed

eaves.

In

each

gable

end

is

a

round-arched window

with

a

sunburst

fanlight.

Original

6/6

sash

windows

illuminate

the

building.

Four

gabled

dormers

on

the

front

elevation

and

four

on

the

rear

contain

round-arched

sash

windows. The

interior

consists

of

one large

space

with

a

small

corner

shop on

the

first

floor,

and

three

separate

finished

rooms

in

the

attic.

The

building

housed

rescue

equipment

and

other

vehicles.

C

d.

(ST)

(former)

Cistern.

Late

19

th

century?

Tall

rectangular

poured

concrete

structure

which

was

adapted

as

a

flammable

liquids

storage

shed,

with

the

addition

of

two

doors

and

two

roof

ventilators.

NC

e

&

f.

(B)

Fire

Equipment

Sheds.

1970s.

Small

front-gabled

buildings,

one

constructed

of

board-and-batten,

the

other

of

chipboard,

which

house

fire

equipment.

C

21.

(S)

Landscape.

In

a

natural

environment characterized

by

powerful

tidal

forces

and

harsh,

often

swiftly

changing

climatic

conditions,

the

landscape

is

inextricably

tied

to

the

built

environment

that

it

has

shaped.

Prevailing

winds,

protection

from

storms,

water-based

employment

and

recreation,

and

vistas

across

marsh

and

water

have

dictated

the placement

of

buildings

and

structures,

as

well

as

their

designs

and

materials.

Unmarred

by

views

of

development,

the

Atlantic

Ocean's

sandy

beaches

on

the

east

edge

of

the

district,

marked

seasonally

in

the

late

19

th

and

early

20

th

centuries

by

temporary

fishing

shacks,

are

backed

by

a

line

of

sand

dunes

that

give

way

to

gently

undulating

expanses

marked

by

low

clumps

of

native

grasses,

evergreen

shrubbery,

and

live

oaks,

myrtles,

and

cedars

tolerant

of

salt

spray

and

severe

weather.

In

the

southern

end

of

the

district,

where

a

number

of

houses

are

concentrated,

a

stand

of

scrubby

pine

trees

planted

in

the

1960s

to

protect

the

structures

from

wind

and

lend

stability

to

the

shifting

sands,

constitutes

the

only

significant

manipulation

by

man

of

the

district's

landscape.

The

wide

marshy

expanse

ringing

the

natural

cove

known

as

Cape

Lookout

Bight

fronts

and

sometimes

virtually

surrounds

the

houses

oriented

to

the

bight

and

the

sound

beyond.

NFS

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18

Cape

Lookout

Village

Historic

District

Carteret

County,

North Carolina

At

high

tide,

the

water

of

the

bight

comes

right

up

to

some

of

these

houses.

The

marsh

grasses

reach

into

the

bight

at

its

southern

end

but

yield

to

sandy

beaches

along

the

narrow

strip

of

land

leading

to

the

lighthouse

complex.

Except

for

the

pine

trees

introduced

in

the

1960s,

the

district's

landscape

remains

remarkably

unaltered

from

the

historic

period,

playing

a

critical

role

in

the

area's

integrity

of

setting,

feeling,

and

association.

NFS

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19

Cape

Lookout

Village

Historic

District

Carteret

County,

North

Carolina

Statement

of

Significance

At

the

southern

tip

of

Core

Banks

in

Carteret

County,

the

Cape

Lookout

Village

Historic

District

contains

twenty-one

principal

resources,

anchored

by

the

Cape

Lookout

Lighthouse

at

the

north

end

and

the

former

U.

S.

Coast

Guard

Station

to

the

south.

Sixteen

of

these

resources-the

lighthouse,

life

saving

buildings

and

houses,

as

well

as

the

circulation

network

and

the

historic

landscape-contribute

to

the

district's

significance

as

a

unique

Outer

Banks

community

that

flourished

as

a

fishing

village

and

life-saving

station

from

the

1870s

to

about

1920,

and

then

endured

as

a

resort

for

hardy

vacationers

until

becoming

part

of

the

Cape

Lookout

National

Seashore

in

1966.

The

landmarks

include the

1859

diamond-patterned

Cape

Lookout

Lighthouse,

the

1873

brick

Keeper's

Quarters,

the

1907

frame

Keeper's

Quarters,

the

picturesque

frame

1888

Life

Saving

Station

and

boathouse,

and

the

1917

Colonial

Revival

frame

Coast

Guard Station

with

lookout

tower

and

its

detached

galley

and

large

shingled

garage.

Six

of

the

ten

historic

private

dwellings,

all

small

gabled

houses

with

engaged

porches,

were

built

by

fishermen

or

Coast

Guard

employees

for

their

families

from

about

1910

to

ca.

1950.

Two

other

engaged

porch

houses

were

built

about

1915

for

Army

Corps

of

Engineers

workers.

The

last

two

are

vacation

cottages

built

in

the

1920s

to

1930s.

Finally,

the

vital

role

of

the

Cape

as

the

site

of

a

defense

base

for

Beaufort Inlet

during

World

War

II

is

illustrated

in

elements

of

the

circulation

network

and

the

ruins

of

a

machine

gun

nest.

Altogether,

these surviving

material

artifacts

convey

the

significant

continued

historic

use

of

Cape

Lookout

over

time.

Characterized

by

the

inextricable

connection

of

the

natural

landscape

and

the

built

environment,

Cape

Lookout

Village

Historic

District

has

statewide

significance

in

social

history,

maritime

history,

and

architecture

as

one

of

the

last

surviving

and

relatively

intact

historic

settlements

on

the

Outer

Banks

of

North

Carolina.

Its

nineteenth

and

early

twentieth

century

government

and

private architecture

conveys

the

changing

role

of

the

Banks

as

the

home

of

hardy

Banker

fishing

families,

the

site

of

government

life-saving

landmarks

and

programs,

and

as

a

remote

vacation

resort.

The

district's

period

of

significance

encompasses

all

phases

of

historic

development

represented

by

surviving

built

resources,

beginning

in

1857,

when

construction

of

the

lighthouse

commenced,

and

ending

with

the

last

of

the

Cape's

significant

private

construction

ca.

1950,

when

the State

of

North

Carolina

began

acquiring

land

for

a

proposed

state

park.

Historical

Background

Cape

Lookout

is

shaped

like

a

fishing

hook,

with

the

hook

facing

toward

the

mainland

to

create

a

sheltered

harbor

known

as

Lookout

Bight.

According

to

tradition,

Enoch

Ward

and

John

Shackleford

purchased

the

Cape

in

1713,

Ward

taking

the

eastern

section

known

as

Core

Banks,

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20

Cape

Lookout

Village

Historic

District

Carteret County,

North

Carolina

Shackleford

taking

the

western

section

from

what

is

now

known

as

Barden

Inlet

to

Beaufort

Inlet.

Neither

man

apparently

attempted

to

settle

the

area.

1

The

Cape

Lookout

Bight

attracted

shipping activities

beginning

in

the

mid-eighteenth

century. The

low,

sparsely

vegetated

land

of

the

Cape,

however,

apparently

did

not

attract

any

permanent

settlement

until

the

later

years

of

the

century.

The

Cape

was

a

prominent

mariner's

landmark

throughout

the

history

of

American

shipping,

known

equally

for

its

danger

and

for

its

desirability.

The

ten-mile-long

shoal

that

projected

out

from

the

Cape

into

the

ocean

has

been

an

obstacle

for

ships

since

the

beginning

of

shipping

in

the

area.

On the

other

hand,

the

bight

offers

a

harbor

of

safe

refuge

from

storms.

From

eighteenth-century

pirates,

British

warships

during

the

Revolutionary

War

and

the

War

of

1812,

federal

blockade

squadrons during

the

Civil

War,

to

convoys

of

Europe-bound

warships

during

the

two

world

wars,

Lookout

Bight

has

been

a

place

of

refuge

and

rendezvous.

In

recognition

of

its

strategic

significance,

the

Americans

built

Fort

Hancock

here during

the

Revolutionary

War;

it

was

abandoned

in

1780

and

no

traces

of

it

have

been

identified.

2

During

the

eighteenth

and

early

nineteenth

century,

settlement

on

the

Cape

was

apparently

limited

to

temporary

camps

erected

by

fishermen

to

harvest

the

sea's

seasonal

offerings.

By

1755

whale

fisheries

were

in seasonal

operation

on

the

Cape.

In

the early

1800s

such

New

England

whaling

families

as

the

Chadwicks

settled in the

vicinity

and

conducted

sporadic

whaling.

Whaling

was

just

one

of

many

ways

local

people made

their

living

from

the

sea,

and

never

as

important

a

commercial

activity

along

the

Banks

as

it

was

in

New

England

during

the

whaling

era.

At

the

Cape,

whaling

season

was

from

February

to

April,

when

fishermen

set

up

small

camps

along

the

shore.

Local

tradition

relates

that

New

England

whaling

ships

used

the

Cape

as

a

base

of

operations

from

January

to

April

until

the

1870s.

Whaling

activity

apparently

centered

around

Diamond

City,

a

village

on

Shackleford

Banks

immediately

adjacent

to

the

Lighthouse,

and

ceased

by

1900

when

the

last

of

the

residents

had

left

for

the

mainland.

Shackleford

Banks

actually

was

an

appendage

of

Core

Banks

until the

late

1930s

when

dredging

of

Barden

Inlet

began,

thus

separating

the

Banks

from

the

Cape

(see

Fig.

1.)

3

'David

Yeomans,

interview with

the

author,

Marker's

Island,

26

April,

1998;

F.

Ross

Holland,

Jr.,

A

Survey

History

of

Cape

Lookout

National

Seashore

(National

Park

Service,

1968),

5.

'Holland,

9-10.

3

Yeomans interview;

Holland,

11-17,

David

Stick,

The

Outer

Banks

of

North

Carolina

(Chapel

Hill:

University

of

North

Carolina

Press,

1958),

311-312.

Diamond

City,

a

community

of

fishermen

and

whalers

that

grew

to

as

many

as

500

people,

thrived

until

August

1899

when

a

devastating

hurricane

flooded

their

homes,

prompting

them

to

move

their

houses

to

the

mainland.

Marcus

B.

and

Sallie

W.

Simpson,

"The

Pursuit

of

Leviathan:

A

History

of

Whaling

on

the

North

Carolina Coast,"

North

Carolina

Historical Review

LXV,

1,

January

1988,

33-50.

NFS

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S_

Page

21

Cape

Lookout

Village

Historic

District

Carteret County,

North

Carolina

Cape

Lookout

Lighthouse

was

authorized

by

Congress

in

1804,

but

not

until

1812

was

the

light

actually

completed.

The

100-foot-tall

light

was

described

as

a

two-tower

structure,

"...the

inside

one

is

of

brick the

outside

one

is

a

wooden

framed

building,

boarded

and

shingled,

and

painted

in

red

and

white

stripes

horizontally."

4

The

lighthouse

had

two

major

shortcomings:

its

height

was

not

sufficient

to

permit

visibility

from

outside

the

sand

shoal

which

it

was

intended

to

assist

boats

in

avoiding, and

its

light

was

not

effective

during

the

daytime.

From

1857-1859

a

replacement

lighthouse,

a

156-foot

brick

tower

fitted

with

a

"first

order

Fresnel

lens"

was

built.

The

treacherous

Cape

shoals

were

now

marked

by

a

lighthouse

that

became

"the

prototype

of

all

the

lighthouses

to

be

erected

subsequently

on

the

Outer

Banks."

5

In

1867

the

original

wooden

stairway

to

the

top

of

the

new

light

was

replaced

with

a

cast-iron

spiral

staircase.

The

old

wooden

tower

remained

standing

until

at

least

1868.

6

In

1872-1873

a

new

keeper's

dwelling

was

constructed

at

Cape

Lookout.

At

this time

the

lighthouse

was

repainted

in

"black

and

white

diagonal

checkers"

to

make

it

more

visible

in

the

daytime.

7

In

1889

the

tower,

dwelling

and

porches,

cistern,

fences

and

outhouses

were

repaired,

and

three

new

storehouses

built. In

the

early

1900s

the

Light-House

Board

(which

operated

the

network

of

lighthouses

in

the

United

States)

decided

to

construct

a

new

Keeper's

Quarters

and

to

partition

the

old

dwelling

into

a

duplex

to

accommodate

the

assistant

keepers

and

their

families.

In

1907

a

six-room

frame

quarters

was

completed

for

$4,479.

8

In

1888

the

Cape

Lookout

Life

Saving

Station

(see entry

#10),

erected one and

one-half

miles

southwest

of

the

lighthouse,

opened

for

service

under

the

direction

of

William Howard

Gaskill

of

Harkers

Island.

Stations

were

built

at

Portsmouth,

on

the

adjacent

island

to

the

north,

in

1894

and

at

the

north

end

of

Core

Banks,

at

Drum

Inlet

(Core

Banks

Lifesaving

Station),

in

1896.

Seven

surfrnen

served

at

the

Cape

Lookout

station.

The

lookout

tower

(no

longer

in

existence),

an

essential

feature

of

the

station,

was

manned

throughout

the

day.

In

1915

the

Life

Saving

'Holland,

25-26.

5

Holland,

28.

6

O'Brien

and

Noble,

"Soldiers

of

Surf

and

Storm,"

1-13;

Holland,

29-30

7

O'Brien

and

Noble,

17.

8

O'Brien

and

Noble,

22.

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22

Cape

Lookout

Village

Historic

District

Carteret County,

North

Carolina

Service

was

merged

with

the

Light-House

Service

into

the

new

Coast

Guard,

and

the

1880s

station

was

replaced

with

a

new,

larger

frame

building

(see

entry

#20).

The

lifesaving

stations

on

Core

Banks

and

vicinity

remained

in

service

until

the

1930s,

when

they

were

closed

due

to

changes in

technology.

Ships

were becoming

equipped

with

better

navigational

instruments

and

no

longer

needed

to

hug

the

coastline,

and

improved

technology

provided

the Coast

Guard

with

modern,

improved

lifesaving

equipment.

Portsmouth

Station

closed

in

1938,

Core

Banks

and

Cape

Lookout

in

1940.

In

1950

the

last

officer-in-charge

of

the

Cape

Lookout Lighthouse

left

his

post

as

the

lighthouse converted

to

automation.

9

It

was

not

until

the

1860s

that

Bankers

fully

realized that

the

seafood

in

the adjacent

waters

presented,

as

Outer

Banks

historian

David

Stick

has

put

it,

"a

vast

source

of

potential

income,

with

the

result

that

the

three-quarters

of

a

century

or

so

between

then

and

World

War

II

might

best be

described

as

the

great era

of

commercial fishing

on

the

Banks."

10

In

his

respected

work

The

Outer

Banks

of

North

Carolina,

Stick

goes

on

to

explain

that

fishing

activity

on

the

Banks

has

been

listed

almost

exclusively

in

the

classification

of

shore

and

boat

fisheries

rather

than

the

more

common

vessel

fisheries

(boats

of

five

or

more

tons)

elsewhere.

Much

of

the fishing

was

conducted

on

the

ocean beaches

and

in

the marshes,

shallow

reefs,

and

channels

in

the

sounds.

Due

to

the

lack

of

rapid

transportation

and

refrigeration

that

prevented

delivering

fresh

seafood

to

the

consumer,

for

much

of

the

historic

period

the

focus

was

on

fish

that

could

be

smoked

or

salted,

or

harvested

for

their

oils.

Salted

mullet

was

the

first

extensive

food

fishery

on

the

Outer

Banks;

other

primary

food

fishes

caught

from

the

ocean

beaches were

gray

trout, bluefish,

spot,

speckled trout,

and

king

whiting.

11

Lookout

Bight

has

long

been

recognized

as

a

natural

fish

trap.

The

wide

variety

and

quantity

of

fish

here

may have

been

a

determinant

for

the

establishment

of

the

United

States

Bureau

of

Fisheries

marine

biological

laboratory

in

Beaufort

in

1899.

Carteret

County

was

the

center

of

commercial

mullet

fishing in the

United

States

in

the

later

1800s.

During

the

season

from

May

to

November,

fishermen

set

up

camps

in

small

shanties

on

the

Banks.

Although

some

of

the

camp

huts

erected

on

the

beach

lasted

several

years,

they

were

meant

to

be

temporary,

constructed

of

a

framework

of

heavy

poles

embedded

in

the

sand

and

sheathed

in

sticks and

twigs

fastened with

'Holland,

36;

O'Brien

and

Noble,

2,

55,

60,

63-64,

113-114, 119-120.

10

Stick,

213.

11

Stick,

213-220.

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23

Cape

Lookout

Village

Historic

District

Carteret County,

North

Carolina

beargrass,

giving

the

overall

appearance

of

a

hollow

haystack.

When

a

lookout

posted

on

a

tall

sand

dune

or

in

an

improvised

lookout

tower

spotted

a

school,

the

crew

would

launch

their

boat

and

drop

their

nets,

which

were

connected

to

the

shore

by

a

rope.

Back

at

the

temporary

camp,

hands

would

clean

and

salt the

catch.

By

1880

a

greater

quantity

of

salted

mullet

came

from

Carteret

County

than

from

all

other

Atlantic

coast locations

combined,

but

by

the

early

1900s

the

fish's

commercial

importance

declined.

12

A

permanent

fishing

village developed

during

the

second

half

of

the

nineteenth

century

on

the

Cape,

a

smaller

settlement

than

Diamond

City,

the

largest

of

the

Core

Banks communities,

located

just

on

the

other

side

of

the

lighthouse.

Fishermen

from

Barkers

Island,

Marshallberg,

and

other

mainland

communities

of

Carteret

County

built

houses

for

their

families

to

occupy

seasonally,

and

gradually

the

village

at

Cape

Lookout became

a

year-round

community.

A

post

office,

school,

and stores

were

constructed.

The

1880

census was

the

first

to

record

a

community

on

the

Cape.

The

enumerator

started

the

census

at

the

lighthouse,

where

W.

F.

Hatsel

was

keeper,

and

Thomas

J.

Kenan

of

Florida

and

Frank

P.

Chaffee

of

New

York

were

U.S.

Signal

Core

observers.

The

assistant

keeper

was

Josephus

Willis,

who

had

a

large family,

apparently housed

in

a

private

dwelling

nearby. The

villagers

around

the

lighthouse,

some

of

whom

lived

at

the

Cape

and some

at

Diamond

City,

lived

in

family

clans:

four

families

of

Willises,

five

families

of

Guthries,

two

families

of

Roses, three

families

of

Hancocks,

a

group

of

Lewises,

a

group

of

Moores,

a

group

of

Nelsons,

Gaskills,

Fulfords

and

Styrons.

Nearly

every

male

household

head

was

either

a

fisherman

or

a

sailor.

The

women

were

all

housekeepers,

the

school-age children

all

"at

school."

The

oldest

fisherman,

James

Hancock,

was

seventy-four

years

old,

and

boys

took

up

the

fishing

life

as

young

as

thirteen

years

old.

A

family

group

of

fishermen was

known

as

a

"crew,"

named

for

the

location

of

its

fishing

territory.

By

1887

there

were

approximately

fifty

fishing

families

living

in

houses

all

over

the

sound

side

of

the

Cape.

13

The

story

of

Eugene

Yeomans,

a

Cape fisherman,

illustrates

the nomadic,

multi-faceted

existence

of

the

Banker

men

and

the

mobility

of

their

houses.

Yeomans,

born

in

Swansboro,

N.C.

in

1853,

moved

to

Markers

Island

in

1870,

married,

and

built

a

house.

In

1875

the

Yeomans moved

the

house

to

Diamond

City,

where

in

1880

Eugene

appears in the

census

as

a

young

sailor

with

three

children.

In

1898

Yeomans

obtained

a

deed

for

"forage

of

fishing"

at

Wreck

Point

on

Cape

12

Holland,

19-21;

Stick,

213-217.

13

United

States

Census,

Population

Schedule,

Carteret

County,

1880;

Yeomans

interview.

NFS

Form

10-900-a

OMB

No

1024-0018

(8-86)

United

States

Department

of

the

Interior

National

Park

Service

NATIONAL

REGISTER

OF

HISTORIC

PLACES

CONTINUATION

SHEET

Section

8

Page

24

Cape

Lookout

Village

Historic

District

Carteret

County,

North

Carolina

Lookout,

the

barb

at

the

end

of

the

hook.

14

His

crew,

known

as

the

"Wreck

Point

Crew,"

which

included

his

five

sons

Walter,

Dan,

Luther,

Fernie

and

Kendall

Yeomans, lived

in

a

fish

camp

at

the

Cape

during

fishing

season.

State

deeds

giving

individuals

exclusive fishing

rights

to

particular

parcels

of

sound

waters

were

common

during

this

era.

Fishing

crews

also

had

gentleman's

agreements

among

themselves

that

separated

one

crew's

territory

from

another's.

After

the

Hurricane

of

1899

devastated

Diamond

City,

the

Yeomans

family

moved

the

house

back

to

Harkers

Island.

Men

from

the fishing

families

of

the area

often

found

jobs

working

for

the

Life Saving

Service,

since

their

fishing

experience

and

familiarity

with

the

area

were valuable

assets for

lifesaving

crews.

Two

of

Eugene

Yeomans'

sons,

Walter

and

Dan,

worked

for

the

service,

living

in

the

crew

quarters

all

week

long.

They

returned

home

to

Harkers Island

on

the

weekends.

Eugene

Yeomans

died

in

1934.

15

Few

Outer

Banks

residents

actually

had

deeds

to

the

land

where

their

houses

stood.

In

Diamond

City,

with

a

population

of

some

500

people

at

its

height

in

the

1880s,

only

a

few

people

held

title

to

their

property.

In

such

a

fragile

natural

environment,

where

wind

and

water

constantly

altered

the

terrain,

houses

were

moved

about

like

mobile

homes

and

set

up

wherever

the

fishing

families

found

productive

fishing.

As

with

Native

Americans,

the

land

was

used

communally.

The

Bankers

moved

houses

on

twenty-four-foot

whale

boats,

with

pointed

prows

at

each

end,

used

for

harpooning

whales.

16

A house

was

rolled

aboard

two

of

these

boats,

lashed

together,

and

floated

between

the

islands

of

the

Banks

and

the mainland.

Salvaging

building

materials

was

a

traditional

practice

of

the Bankers,

who

were

adept

at

recovering

materials

from shipwrecks

and

from

abandoned

buildings.

For

instance,

lumber

from

the

Olive

T.

Thurlow,

which

wrecked

near

the

Lighthouse

in

1902,

was

salvaged

for

building.

Cows,

sheep,

and

pigs

roamed

free

throughout

the

Cape;

thus,

the

private

gardens were

protected

by

fences.

Around

1900,

when

commercial

mullet

fishing

flourished

and

activity

at

the

Cape

reached

its

height,

the

community

was

more

populous

than

was

Harkers

Island.

Lighthouse

keeper

Wilson

Gillikin

apparently

had

no

assistants,

but

five

of

the

surfmen

employed

at

the

Cape

Life

Saving

Station

were

living

in

scattered

private

dwellings

with

their

families

in

1900 Robert

Pigott,

William

L.

Davis,

Walter

Yeomans,

Daniel

Yeomans,

and

Matthew

P.

Guthrie.

The

Cape

Lookout

School

operated

from

at

least

1900,

with

teacher

Charles

S.

Davis living

on

the

Cape

in

14

Carteret

County

Deed

Book UU

103.

15

Yeomans

interview;

Ada

C.

Willis,

entry

on

Eugene

Yeomans

family,

The

Heritage

of

Carteret

County,

I,

469-470.

16

Stick,

193;

Whale

boats

were

constructed

by Devine

Guthrie

at

Diamond

City in the

late

1800s.

NFS

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Service

NATIONAL

REGISTER

OF

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PLACES

CONTINUATION

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Section

_8_

Page

25

Cape

Lookout

Village

Historic

District

Carteret

County,

North

Carolina

that

year.

As

in

1880,

the

men

of

the

Cape

were

almost

uniformly

engaged

in

fishing.

The

large

families

allowed

fishing

crews

to

be

made

up

of

fathers and

their

sons.

The

following

crews

fished

at

the

Cape

in

the

late

1800s

and early

1900s:

the

Cape

Hills

Crew

made

up

of

John

S.

Rose

and

sons

John

W.,

George

A.,

Thomas,

Joey,

and

Dannie;

the

Cape

Shore Crew

consisting

of

Tilmon

Rose

and

sons Iredell,

Howard,

Charles, and

Leslie;

another

Cape

Shore

Crew

that

included George

Rose

and

sons

Telford,

Edd,

Dallas,

and

Cletus;

the

Wreck

Point

Crew

made

up

of

Eugene

Yeomans

and

sons

Walter,

Dan,

Luther,

Fernie,

and

Kendall;

the

Hook

of

Cape

Crew:

Alfonso

Guthrie

and

sons

Alien,

Billie,

Louie,

and

Alfonso's

brother

Henry

Guthrie

and

sons

Johnnie,

David,

and Odell;

and

a

second

Hook

of

Cape

Crew

that

included

Sam

E.

Willis

and

sons

Kelly, Sammie, Luther,

and

Eddie.

17

Almost

without

exception

the

enumerator

for

each

census

recorded

that

the

Cape families

owned

their

houses.

18

By

1910

the

population

had

declined

somewhat

from

its

peak

in

1900.

The

short-lived

Cape

post

office

opened

about

1910

and

closed

in

1911.

19

Keeper

Charles

W.

Clifton

lived

with

his

family

in

the

new

frame

Keeper's

Quarters,

and his

two

assistants,

William

Rollinson

and

Victor

Watson,

lived in the

brick

quarters,

now

a

duplex,

with

their

families.

The

able-bodied

Cape

men

not

working

at

the

lighthouse

or

the

Life

Saving

Station

were

described

as

surf

fishermen.

The

number

of

fishermen

per

household

had

declined

during the

decade,

with

no

more

than

one

son

still

living

at

home

fishing

with

his

father.

Apparently

the

young

men

had

established their

own

households.

Fisherman

Tilman

Rose

had

been

living

on

the

Cape for

more

than

thirty

years.

20

About

1919

there

was

a

general

exodus

from

the

Cape.

The

one-room

school,

which

had

twenty-

five

children in

attendance

in

the

mid-1910s

under

teacher

Mrs.

Pearl

Whittey

of

Harkers

Island,

closed

at

the

end

of

the

1919

school

year.

Some

thirty

to

forty

houses were

moved

from

the

Cape

to

Harkers

Island,

and

the

Harkers

Island

School

was

built

at

this

time.

The

houses

left

at

the

Cape

became fishing

shacks,

with

only

families

associated

with

the Life

Saving

Station

and

the

lighthouse

remaining

in

full-time

residence

at

the

Cape.

21

Yet

the

1920

census

still

records

sixteen

families

living

at

the

Cape,

including

sixty-four

year

old

Tilman

Rose,

who

with

his

son

17

Yeomans

interview.

18

United

States

Censuses,

Population

Schedules,

Carteret

County:

1880, 1900, 1910.

19

Stick,

310.

20

United

States

Censuses,

Population

Schedules,

Carteret

County,

1880,

1900, 1910.

21

Yeomans

interview.

NFS

Form

10-900-a

OMB

No.

1024-0018

(8-86)

United

States

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of

the

Interior

National

Park

Service

NATIONAL

REGISTER

OF

HISTORIC

PLACES

CONTINUATION

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Section

8

Page

26

Cape

Lookout

Village

Historic

District

Carteret

County, North

Carolina

Howard

was

still

fishing.

The

enumerator's

occupational

notation

that

the

Cape

men

were

"fishing

food

fish"

may

distinguish their

catches

of

edible

fish

from

the

menhaden

fisheries

industry,

fertilizer

processing,

that

had

become

big

business

in

Carteret

County in

the

early

1900s.

Five

men

employed

at

the Life Saving

Station,

now

under

the

jurisdiction

of

the

Coast

Guard,

lived

with

their

families

on

the

Cape.

These

are

Charlie

Russell,

John

E.

Lewis,

Clem

M.

Gaskill,

James

C.

Lewis,

and

Odell Guthrie.

Eva

Willis

was

the

Lighthouse

Keeper,

while

Pearl

Willis

served

as

schoolteacher.

The

fishermen's

families

were

still

in

residence

with

them

at

the

Cape.

Dominick

Asdenti,

an

Italian

stonemason,

was living

at

the

Cape

with

his

North

Carolina-

born

wife

and

two

young

children.

In

the

1920s

Bull

Hunter,

Dominick

Asdenti,

and

Cary

Davis

operated

stores

at

the

Cape.

The

mailboat

came

at

7

a.m.

and

3

p.m.

During this

decade,

as

traditional

sailboats

gave

way

to

motor

boats,

the

Cape

became

more

easily

accessible

to

vacationers.

22

Dominick

Asdenti

had

come to

village

in

the

1910s

as

the foreman

of

the

crew

building

the

breakwater near

Wreck

Point,

at

the

northwest

tip

of

the

Cape.

Planning

for

this

engineering

feat

dates

to

the

1890s,

when

the

U.

S.

Army

Corps

of

Engineers

began

looking

for

a

suitable

site

on

the

treacherous

North

Carolina

coast

for

establishing

a

"harbor

of

refuge,"

where

"coastwise

and

deep-draft

vessels"

could

find

shelter

from

storms.

After conducting

surveys

of

potential

sites

in

the

late

1890s,

narrowing

the

choice

to

Cape

Hatteras

or

Cape

Lookout,

and

canvassing

more

than

225

potential

users

of

the

harbor

as

well

as

scores

of

other

interested

parties

such

as

maritime

exchanges

and

insurance

companies,

Cape

Lookout

was

selected

as

the

preferred

site,

despite

the

fact

that

the

harbor

of

Lookout

Bight

would

be

smaller

than

a

Cape

Hatteras

harbor.

In

a

report

transmitted

to

Congress

by

Secretary

of

War

H.

L.

Stimson

on

7

February

1912,

U.

S.

Army

Chief

of

Engineers

W.

H.

Bixby

recommended

construction

of

a

breakwater

to

create

a

harbor

of

refuge

at

Cape

Lookout

at

an

estimated

cost

of

$3,526,600,

with

a

target

completion

date

in

1916.

Attachments

to

the

report

indicate

that

cost

was

an

important

factor

in

the

selection:

due

to

sea

floor

contours, shifting

sands,

prevailing

winds,

and

greater

exposure

to

seas,

in

order

to

achieve

the

desired

effect

at

Cape

Hatteras,

the

breakwater

would

have

to

be

nearly

three times

as

large

as

one

at

Cape

Lookout

and

would

cost

more than

twice

as

much.

It

was

projected

that

the

Cape

Lookout

structure

would

require

1.6

million

tons

of

stone

to

build

a

structure

with

a

total

length

of

6,250

feet.

23

22

Yeomans

interview;

Stick,

310-311;

United

States

Census,

Population

Schedule,

Carteret

County,

1920.

23

Document

no.

528,

vol. 26

of

the

second

session

of

the

62

nd

Congress,

House

of

Representatives, February

1912,

1-11.

NFS

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JL

Page

27

Cape

Lookout

Village

Historic

District

Carteret County,

North Carolina

Construction

of

the

breakwater

commenced

in

1914.

The

large

granite

boulders

were

delivered

by

barge

to

Shackleford

Banks

near

the

lighthouse

and

then

carried in

rail cars

along

a

track

laid

across

the

sand

to

the

project

site.

Progress

reports

to

Congress

were

sketchy

in

comparison

to

the

detailed

proposal

of

1912,

perhaps

due

to

security

concerns

generated

by

World

War

I.

A

1916

report

to

Congress

states

that

the

project

was

forty-four

percent

completed

with

4,800

feet

of

breakwater

showing

at

low

tide,

and

in

June

1918

the

Army

Corps

of

Engineers

reported

to

Congress

that

the

breakwater

contract

had

been

completed.

24

According

to

historian

David

Stick,

work

stopped

when

the

United

States

entered

World

War

II

and

the

project

was

discontinued

because

use

of

the

harbor

was

below

expectations.

Until

construction

of

a

jetty

at

Ft.

Macon

in

1960,

the

Cape

Lookout

breakwater

was

the

only

sizable

structure

of

its

type

on

the

North

Carolina

coast.

25

The

Bight's

role

as

a

harbor

of

refuge

eventually

was

marginalized

with

shifting

sand

that

enlarged

the

harbor

but

reduced water

depth,

a

process

that

accelerated

following

creation

of

Barden Inlet

in

the

late

1930s.

Today,

the

breakwater

constitutes

the

most

prominent

feature

of

the

enlarged,

western

end

of

the

Cape

created

in

the

twentieth

century,

clearly

evident

in

the

line

of

massive

granite

boulders

exposed

at

low

tide

and

the

ridge

of

low

dunes

running

to

the

southeast

that

today mark

the

structure's

entire

length.

Around

1915

the

Cape

Lookout Development

Company,

headquartered

in

Beaufort,

tried

to

develop

the

Cape

as

a

summer

resort.

They

envisioned

a

hotel,

clubhouse,

and

summer

cottages.

26

The

subdivision

plat

for

the

Cape

Lookout

Development

Company

shows

a

permanent

railroad

extending

across

from

Beaufort

on

the

mainland

to

Shackleford

Banks

and

on

to

the

Cape,

a

major

public

works

project

that

was

never

built.

27

The

development company

apparently

took

possession

of

the

land

between

the

lighthouse

and

the Coast

Guard

Station

under

the

State

Torrens

system,

a

legal

method

for

taking

title

to

land

not

specifically

deeded

to

any

particular

owners.

In

the

wake

of

the

general exodus

of

the

Bankers

from

the

Cape,

the

developers

seized

an

opportunity

to

fill

the

vacuum.

They

laid

out

hundreds

of

lots

along

grid-

24

Congressional

Record,

second

session

of

the

64

th

Congress,

1916;

and

Congressional

Record,

second

session

of

the

65

th

Congress,

1918.

25

Telephone

interview with

Thomas

Jarrett,

Wilmington,

N.C.,

office

of

the

U.

S.

Army

Corps

of

Engineers,

23

February

2000;

Stick,

311.

26

Cape

Lookout

Development

company

letterhead

stationery

in

possession

of

Dr.

Graham

Barden,

New

Bern.

27

Yeomans

interview,

Stick,

310-311.

NFS

Form

10-900-a

0MB

No.

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(8-86)

United

States

Department

of

the

Interior

National

Park

Service

NATIONAL

REGISTER

OF

HISTORIC

PLACES

CONTINUATION

SHEET

Section

_8_

Page

28

Cape

Lookout

Village

Historic

District

Carteret County,

North

Carolina

patterned

streets

that existed

only

on

paper

and

sold

off

the

lots

for

$100

apiece.

Coast

Guardsman

Odell

Guthrie

purchased

a

lot

in

1921

that

apparently

had

the

house

of

Clem

Gaskill,

another

Coast

Guardsman,

standing

on

it.

This

house

still

stands

(#17:

Gaskill-Guthrie

House).

The

Seifert

family

of

New

Bern purchased

a

lot

from

the

company

in

1927

and

built

the

"Coca-

Cola

House"

(#3).

Since

the

railroad

scheme

did not

materialize,

the

isolation

of

the

Cape

prevented

the

success

of

the

resort,

and

the

company

apparently

went

out

of

business

during

the

Great

Depression.

28

Possibly

the

Cape

Lookout

Development

Company,

established

while the

breakwater

was

under

construction,

had

been motivated

by

the

potential

collateral

commercial

value

of

the Bight's

new

role

as

a

harbor

of

refuge.

A

1910

report

to

Congress

on

the

planned

breakwater

stated

that

500

vessels

of

eight

to

fourteen

feet

in

draft

were

annually

using

the

Bight

as

a

harbor,

and

that

half

of

them

carried

lumber

and

the

other

half

guano,

coal,

and cement.

With

improvement

to

accommodate

deep-draft

vessels

and

extension

of

a

rail

line from

Beaufort

to

Cape

Lookout,

the

harbor

could

grow

commercially

as

a

freight

transfer

depot.

29

In

1912,

an

Army

Corps

of

Engineers

district

engineer

predicted

that

any

commercial

use

would

be

very

small,

limited

to

furnishing

provisions

and

coal

for

sailing vessels

taking

refuge.

Because

of

the

greater

length

of

the

land

routes

to

Cape

Lookout,

a

port

there

could

not

compete

with

Norfolk,

Wilmington,

Charleston,

or

Savannah.

30

Ultimately,

any

commercial

development

at

the

Cape,

of

port

or

resort,

depended

upon

the

rail

connection

to

Beaufort

that

was

never

built.

The

1916

merger

of

the

Life

Saving

Service

and

the

Light-House

Service

into

the

United

States

Coast

Guard

resulted

in

the

construction

of

a

Coast

Guard

Station

at

the

Cape

in

1917,

located

beside

the Life Saving

Station.

For

the

years,

the

Coast

Guard and

lighthouse

personnel

coexisted

with

fishermen

and

vacationers

on

the

Cape.

The

early

years

of

World

War

II

brought

intensive

military

activity.

After

German

U-boat

attacks

sank

many

ships

in

the

vicinity

of

Cape

Lookout

during

1942,

torpedoing

tankers

within

a

few

28

Carteret

County

deeds,

including

the

Seifert deed

in

Book

34,

334,

verify

the

existence

of

the

Cape

Lookout

Development

Company.

The

subdivision

map,

surveyed

by

J.

G.

Hassell,

is

preserved

in the

subdivision

plats

in

the

register

of

deeds

office.

29

Congressional

Record,

document

no.

373,

vol.

18

of

the

second

session

of

the

61st Congress,

House

of

Representatives,

February

1910,

4.

30

Congressional

Record,

document

no.

528,

vol. 26

of

the

second session

of

the

62

nd

Congress,

House

of

Representatives,

February

1912,

9-10.

NFS

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States

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National

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Service

NATIONAL

REGISTER

OF

HISTORIC

PLACES

CONTINUATION

SHEET

Section

_8_

Page

29

Cape

Lookout

Village Historic

District

Carteret

County,

North

Carolina

miles

of

the beach,

the

Cape

was

developed

as

a

temporary

defensive

base.

Beaufort

Inlet

off

Cape

Lookout

was

made

into

a

protected

anchorage

for

commercial

ships

as

they

made

their

way

along

the

coast.

As

the

only deep-water

haven between

Charleston

and

Cape

Hatteras,

the

Cape

was

an

extremely

important

night-time

anchorage

for

these

vessels.

Supported

by

the

defensive

capability

of

Ft.

Macon

across

the

inlet,

ships

docked inside

a

submarine

net

strung

across

the

mouth

of

the

inlet

to

spend

the

night

in

protected

waters,

safe

from

the

night-time

raids

of

German

U-boats.

The

Coast

Artillery

Corps

established

the

anchorage

in

April

1942,

and

by

September

had

built

a

concrete

road,

set

up

two

large

five-inch

Navy

guns,

a

radar

station,

a

battery

commander's

post,

a

machine

gun

nest,

and

frame

barracks

for

a

unit

of

between

100

to

200

men.

The

official

base

name

was

"Temporary

Harbor

Defenses

of

Beaufort

Inlet,"

but

was

known

simply

as

"The

Rock"

by

the

men

stationed

there.

The

base

was

deactivated

in

October

1944.

The

barracks were

sold

and

dismantled

after

the

war,

along

with

much

of

the

other

fabric.

Portions

of

these

structures

remain

in

place

as

a

testament

to

the

Cape's

significant

defensive

role

in

World

War

II

(see

entry

#21).

31

For

the

rest

of

the

decade,

life

at

the

Cape

resumed

its

slow

pace

of

the

1920s

and

1930s

as

an

isolated

haven

for

seasonal

fishermen

and

hardy

vacationers,

most

of

them

connected

to

the

place

by

deep

family

roots.

Ocean

and

sound

fronts

remains

the

focus

of

most

activity,

with

access

to

the

water,

still

mostly

by

foot,

provided

by

a

loose

network

of

dirt

lanes

and

the

concrete

Coast

Guard

road.

A

few

residents

and

visitors

used motorized

vehicles,

but

most

people

walked,

rode

horses, or

traveled

in

horse-drawn

carts.

From

the

1950s

to

1970s

the

Cape

was

the

subject

of

much

real

estate

activity

as

the

State

of

North

Carolina

began

to

buy

out

the

interests

of

various

property

owners

in

order

to

protect

the

area

as

a

state

park.

During

this

period

a

land

speculator

from

piedmont

North

Carolina

named

Charlie

Reeves

managed

to

acquire

a

large

parcel

of

the

Cape,

apparently

through

the

purchase

of

the

tauranization rights

on

the

land

of

the

Cape

Lookout

Development Company

which

had never

been

sold.

He

subsequently

sold

his

holdings

to

the

State.

The

Federal

government

was

at

this

time

developing

a

series

of

National

Seashores along

the

Outer

Banks.

The

National

Park

Service

purchased

some

of

the

Cape

Lookout

Village

land

for

a

National

Seashore

from

the

State

and

some

directly

from

property

owners.

For

each

of

the owners

of

the

fourteen

houses

at

the

Cape,

the

Park

Service

bought

their

buildings

during

the

1970s,

then

gave

them

twenty-five-year

leases

for

the

use

of

the

properties.

32

31

Paul

Branch,

Ft.

Macon

State

Park

historian,

interview

with

the

author,

August

17,

1998.

32

Interview

with

Dr.

Graham

Harden,

February

22,

1999.

The Cape

Lookout

property

owners

who

had

valid

deeds

NFS

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United

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NATIONAL

REGISTER

OF

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8

Page

30

Cape

Lookout

Village

Historic

District

Carteret

County,

North

Carolina

In

1966

the

Cape's

unique

environment

was

accorded

special

status

by

becoming

part

of

the

Cape

Lookout

National

Seashore,

a

fifty-four-mile

stretch

of

Outer

Banks

from

Portsmouth

Island

to

Cape

Lookout.

Since

then

the

National

Park

Service

has

been

operating

the

park

as

a

primitive recreational

facility,

attempting

to

maintain

a

balance

between

people's

enjoyment

of

the

habitat

with

the

delicate

ecological

balance

of

the

barrier

islands.

The

National

Park

Service

owns

all

of

the

property

in

the

district

except

for

the

Cape

Lookout

Lighthouse,

which

is

owned,

operated,

and

maintained

by

the

U.

S.

Coast

Guard.

The

Park

Service

is

currently

formulating

plans

for

the

future

use

of

the

houses

following

expiration

of

the

leases

between

2001

and

2005.

The

lease

holders,

many

of

whom

owned

the

houses

for

many

years

prior

to

development

of

the

national

park, have

a

strong

attachment

to

their

houses

and

to

the

history

and

ecology

of

the

Cape.

They

organized

as

the

Cape

Lookout

Village

Historic

Preservation

Committee

and

retained

a

consultant

to

prepare

this

nomination

to

the

National

Register.

Their

primary

goal

in

seeking

listing

is

to

ensure

that

the

history

of

the

fishing

families

who

lived

at

the

Cape

will

be

preserved

along

with

the

Cape's

heritage

as

a

life-

saving settlement.

Recently,

two

other

building

complexes

at

the

Cape

have

been

adapted

by

non-profit

organizations

for

use

as

interpretative

sites

to

teach

visitors

the

natural

history

of

the

area.

The

Coast

Guard

Station,

decommissioned

in

1982,

is

now

a

field school

for

the

North

Carolina

Maritime

Museum,

headquartered

in

Beaufort.

Student

groups

live

and

study

in

the

station.

The

house,

store,

and

rental

cabins

built by

Les

and

Sally

Moore

in

the

1950s

and

1960s

(entry

#2)

are

currently

being

refurbished

by

a

private

group

under

lease

arrangements

with

the

Park

Service

to

serve

as

the

Cape

Lookout Environmental

Education

Center.

It

is

fortunate

that

the

Cape

Lookout

National

Seashore

retains

two

of

its

historic

settlements,

Portsmouth

at

the

north

end and

Cape

Lookout

Village

at

the

south

end.

Associated

with

a

culture

that has

completely

disappeared,

these rare

surviving Outer

Banks

settlements

are

invaluable

as

the

only

remaining

cultural

landscapes

of

the Bankers.

Portsmouth

is

listed

as

a

historic

district

on

the

National

Register.

Cape

Lookout

Village

also

deserves

listing.

In

both

villages,

most

of

the

buildings

present

during

their

heyday

at

the

turn-of-the-century

are

gone,

making

those

that

remain

even

more

significant.

Despite

its

popularity

as

a

recreation

destination

to

their

property

were

paid

for

it

by

the

Park

Service.

Those

who

did

not

have

valid

deeds

gave

quit

claim

deeds

to

the

Park

Service.

All

property

owners

received

leases for the

use

of

their

property.

NFS

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_

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States

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31

Cape

Lookout

Village

Historic

District

Carteret

County,

North

Carolina

for

much

of

the

twentieth

century,

the

district

is

remarkable

for

its

lack

of

oceanfront

development,

thanks

to

private

property

owners'

wisdom

prior

to

the

1950s

and

government

intervention

since

then.

Both

the

built

environment

and

the

natural

landscape

setting

that

accommodates

villagers'

activities

continue

to

convey

the

district's

historic

character.

Social

History.

Maritime

History,

and

Architecture

Context

Cape

Lookout

Village

owes

its

existence

to

the

lighthouse

that has

stood there

since

1812.

Without

its

presence

as

a

beacon,

doubtless

families

would

never

have

settled

this

barren

stretch

of

sand.

The

Cape

Lookout

Lighthouse

was

the

first

of

the

great

lighthouses

erected

along

the

North

Carolina

coast

by

the

U.

S.

government during

their

replacement

of

the

earlier,

smaller

lighthouses

in

the

mid-nineteenth

century.

The

1859

lighthouse

rose

169

feet

into

the

sky

to

mark

the

treacherous

Cape

shoal.

To

accommodate

the

lighthouse

keeper

and one

or

two

assistant

keepers

and

their

families,

the

government

built

a

variety

of

keeper's

quarters

at

lighthouses

along

the

state's

coast

from

the early

1800s

to

the

early

1900s.

These

tended

to

be

functional

buildings

of

vernacular

design.

As

many

of

these

have

been

lost,

Cape

Lookout

is

fortunate

to

have

two

surviving

quarters.

The

earliest

known

surviving

quarter

in

the

state

is

the

1823

two-

story

brick

quarter

at

the

Ocracoke Light,

although

it

was

enlarged

to

a

duplex

in

the

later

nineteenth

century.

The

principal

quarters

at

Cape

Hatteras

Light

is

a

gable-and-wing

Victorian

brick

quarters

built

in

1870.

A

double

keepers'

quarters,

a

two-story,

eight

bay brick

building,

was

constructed before

1893

at

Cape

Hatteras.

At

the

Bodie

Island Lighthouse,

the

1872

two-

story

brick

quarters

closely

resembles

the

brick

quarters

at

Cape

Lookout,

and,

like

it,

now

serves

as

a

visitor's

center.

A

pair

of

picturesquely-styled,

frame

quarters

were

built

at

Currituck

Beach

Lighthouse

in

1875:

the

double

quarters

is

two-story

and

the

single

quarters,

one and

one-half

story.

The

corbeled chimneys,

kingpost

gable

decorations

and

ornate

porches

set

these

quarters

apart

from

the

plain

vernacular

quarters

which

were

standard.

At

Cape

Lookout,

the

1872

brick

single

keeper's

quarters served the

group

of

keepers,

probably

unsatisfactorily, until

1907,

when

it

was

converted

to

a

duplex

to

house

two

assistant

keepers

and

families,

and

a

frame

single

quarters

(#4)

for

the

head

keeper

was

built

in

the same

year.

This

1907

quarters

is

one

of

the

last

keeper's

quarters

built

in

North

Carolina.

During

the

1870s

and

1880s

a

series

of

small

picturesque

life

saving

stations

were

built

along

the

Outer

Banks.

Around

1900

they

were

followed

by

a

second

generation

of

shingled,

often towered

stations.

The

largest

number

of

surviving

life

saving stations

are

in

Dare

County,

at

Little

Kinnakeet

(1874

and

1904),

Cape

Hatteras

(1879),

Kill

Devil

Hills

(1879

and

1910),

Oregon

Inlet

(1897),

Caffeys

Inlet

(1897),

Kitty

Hawk

(1911),

Chicamacomico

(1911), and

Bodie

Island

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32

Cape

Lookout

Village

Historic

District

Carteret County,

North

Carolina

(1878).

One

station

that

originally

stood

in

Dare

County,

the

Kill Devil

Hills Station

(1870s)

has

been

moved

to

Corolla

in

Currituck

County.

In

Currituck

County

two

stations

built

there

still

stand:

the

Currituck

Beach

(formerly

Jones

Hill)

Station

(ca.

1900),

moved

a

short

distance

from

its

original

site,

and

the

Wash

Woods Station

(1910).

Stations

also

survive

at

Cape

Lookout

(1888),

at

Portsmouth

Village

(1895),

and

at

Oak

Island

(1891).

At

Ocracoke Island,

only

the

1904

station

boathouse

survives.

33

Although

some

of

these

stations

are

restored,

most

are

being

adaptively

used

for

residential

and

other

purposes

and

have

been

modified

accordingly.

The

first

generation

of

stations

were

small,

gabled

front

buildings

with

Stick Style

gables

decorated

with king

posts

and

fancy

bargeboards,

intricate

patterns

of

siding,

and

wall

dormers.

Such

a

station

is

Little

Kinnakeet,

which

was

converted

to

a

boathouse

when

a

replacement

station

was

built

in

1904.

The

1879

stations

at

Cape

Hatteras

and

Kill

Devil

Hills

resemble

the

Cape

Lookout

station,

with

front

gables

decorated

with king

posts

and

hipped

wall

dormers.

The

1888

Cape

Lookout

station

is

apparently

the

last

of

the

first

generation

stations,

and

its

wood

shake

walls

look ahead

to

the

second

generation

Shingle

Style

stations

of

the

1890s

and

early

1900s.

Built

in

1895,

the

Portsmouth

Village

station

is

fully

Shingle

Style,

a

crisply-geometric

one and

one-half

story

building

with

shingled

walls,

a

lookout

tower,

a

dormer

window,

and

a

wraparound

porch.

The

Currituck

Beach

station

is

of

the

same

ilk.

The

second

generation

stations

presented

variations

on

the

Shingle

Style.

By

the

second decade

of

the

century,

the

stations

at

Kill

Devil

Hills,

Kitty

Hawk,

and

Wash

Woods

were

still

of

Shingle Style

but

more

Colonial

Revival in

details.

In

1915

when

the Life Saving

Service

became

the Coast

Guard,

new

stations

continued

the

architectural

evolution

from

Shingle

Style

into

Colonial

Revival

style.

At

Cape

Lookout,

the

new

Coast

Guard

Station

built

to

replace

the

old

Life

Saving

Station

in

1917

has

a

two-story,

colonial

form

with

a

gable on

hip

roof

and

a

hip-roofed

porch,

with

a

lookout

tower

attached

to

the

roofline

with

a

curved

weatherboarded

base

echoing

the

swelling

shapes

of

the

Shingle

Style,

as

does

the

curved

kick

of

the

weatherboards

at

the

base

of

the

walls.

The

Creed's

Hill

Coast

Guard

Station

in

Dare County,

built

in

1918,

has

a

quite

similar

form,

with

a

gable-on-hip

roof,

but

lacks

the

tower.

In

addition

to

the

government lifesaving

architecture

built

at

Cape

Lookout,

a

small

group

of

"Bishir

and

Southern,

A

Guide

to

the

Historic

Architecture

of

Eastern

North

Carolina;

State

Historic

Preservation

Office,

file

on

North

Carolina

life

saving

stations..

NFS

Form

10-900-a

OMB

No>

1024-0018

(8-86)

United

States

Department

of

the

Interior

National

Park

Service

NATIONAL

REGISTER

OF

HISTORIC

PLACES

CONTINUATION

SHEET

Section

_8_

Page

33

Cape

Lookout

Village

Historic

District

Carteret

County,

North

Carolina

private dwellings

reflect

the

cultural

and

commercial

history

of

the

Banks,

the

occupations

of

fishermen,

and

government workers

on

the

island.

These

simple

frame

houses,

all

one-story,

represent

the

Banker

house,

a

small

side-gable

unit,

patched together

of

salvaged

materials,

portable,

and

apparently

unique

to

coastal

North

Carolina.

This

house

type

is

best

represented

at

the

village

of

Ocracoke

(NR-1990)

and

at

Portsmouth

Village,

at

the

northern

tip

of

the

Cape

Lookout

National

Seashore

and

now

maintained

by

the

Park

Service

as

a

museum

village

that

interprets

the

theme

of

man

and his

relation

to

the

sea.

Some

of

the

Portsmouth

houses

are

leased

to

private

residents.

While

the

government

lighthouses

and

auxiliary

buildings

and

the

life

saving

stations

were

often

designed

by

architects and

built

by

commercial

contractors,

Banker

houses

were

built

by

the

families themselves,

often

of

salvaged

materials,

in

traditional

forms

that

had

survived

the

harsh environment

for

generations.

Sometimes

the

houses

were

built

to

be

seasonal,

and

always,

portable.

When

a

particular

building

site

became

uninhabitable

because

of

erosion,

a

shift

in

the

fishing

economy,

or

a

change

in

life

circumstances,

fishermen

routinely

rolled

their

houses

to

another

site

nearby

or

onto

boats

and

floated

them

to

another

island

or

to

the

mainland.

Most

of

the

houses

in

the

village

of

Diamond

City,

located

on

Shackleford

Banks

in

sight

of

the

Cape

Lookout

light,

were

moved

to

the

mainland

after

the

Hurricane

of

1899,

and

now

no

buildings

remain

there.

Elderly

citizens

can

still

point

out

a

number

of

the

story-and-a-jump

houses

in

the

"Promise

Land,"

a

section

of

Morehead

City

to

which

Bankers

relocated

their

houses

and

settled

permanently

after

the

hurricane.

Of

course,

no

trace

remains

of

the

tiny,

insubstantial

shanties

of

driftwood,

salvaged

materials,

and

thatch

that

fishermen

erected

on

the

ocean

beaches

for

shelter

while

fishing

for

mullet

and

other

catches.

At

the

end

of

each

season,

these

were

dismantled

or

left

to

be

destroyed

by

wind

and waves.

When

fishermen

left

Portsmouth

Village

and

Cape

Lookout

Village,

many

of

them

took

their

houses

with

them.

The

oldest private dwelling

currently

at

the

Cape

is

the

Luther

Guthrie

House

built

about

1910.

This

small

side-gabled house

with

engaged

porch

is

apparently

typical

of

the

earlier

houses

that

have

disappeared.

David

Yeomans,

youngest

son

of

Cape

fisherman

Eugene

Yeomans,

a

life-long

resident

of

Harkers

Island

and

Cape

Lookout

Village,

recalls that

the

houses

moved

off

the

Cape

about

1919

were

of

identical

form

to

the

Luther

Guthrie

House.

34

Thus

the

few

dwellings

left

at

these

villages

are

rare

survivors,

a

legacy

from

the

lost

era

of

Yeomans

interview.

NFS

Form

10-900-a

0MB

No.

1024-0018

(8-86)

United

States

Department

of

the

Interior

National

Park

Service

NATIONAL

REGISTER

OF

HISTORIC

PLACES

CONTINUATION

SHEET

Section

8

Page

34

Cape

Lookout

Village Historic

District

Carteret

County,

North

Carolina

fishing

villages

on

the

Outer

Banks.

Only

Ocracoke

Village

is

still

inhabited

year-round.

There,

some

one-hundred

houses,

most

of

them the

story-and-a-jump

type,

nestle

into

the

protective

hedges

of

live

oak,

yaupon

and

bay

in

the

center

of

Ocracoke

Island,

although

much

of

the

traditional

atmosphere

has

been

lost

due

to

intensive

tourist

development.

Despite

the

loss

of

many

early

buildings

at

Portsmouth

and

Cape

Lookout,

all

three

settlements

continue

to

evoke

the

Bankers'

cultural

landscape.

At

Cape

Lookout,

the

Banker

house

has

the

additional

feature

of

an

engaged

porch.

The

traditional

Cape

Lookout

house,

represented

by

the

Luther

Guthrie

House

of

circa

1910

(#15),

Gaskill-Guthrie

House

of

circa

1915

(#17),

Bryant

House

of

ca.

1928

(#16),

and

the

Carrie

Arendell

Davis

House

of

ca.

1930

(#18), has

an

engaged

front

porch

that

relates

more

to

the

small

early

dwellings

of

the

nearby

port

of

Beaufort

than

to

the

housing

stock

of

Portsmouth

Village

or

Ocracoke

Village.

At

Portsmouth,

the

houses

have

a

variety

of

forms,

with

only

the

Marian

Gray

Babb

House,

a

Craftsman

house

built

in

the

1920s

to

1930s,

having

an

engaged

porch.

Only

two

Ocracoke

houses

have

engaged

porches,

one

of

these

being

the

antebellum

Kugler

Cottage.

The

Cape

Lookout

house

may

have

resulted

from

the

confluence

of

the

local

engaged

porch

vernacular

with

the

Craftsman

style,

which

often featured

a

porch

recessed

beneath

the

main

roof

Such

a

form

suited

the

oppressive

heat

and

fierce

storms

at

the

Cape.

NFS

Form

10-900-a OMB

No.

1024-0018

(8-86)

United

States

Department

of

the

Interior

National

Park

Service

NATIONAL

REGISTER

OF

HISTORIC

PLACES

CONTINUATION

SHEET

Section

9

Page

35

Cape

Lookout

Village

Historic

District

Carteret

County,

North

Carolina

Bibliography

Annual

Report

of

the

Light-House

Board

to

the

Secretary

of

Commerce

and

Labor,

1908.

Harden,

Dr.

Graham

and

Mary,

interviews

with

the

author,

Cape

Lookout,

April

25-26,

1998.

Bishir,

Catherine

and

Southern,

Michael.

A

Guide

to

the

Historic

Architecture

of

Eastern

North

Carolina.

Chapel

Hill:

University

of

North

Carolina

Press,

1997.

Branch,

Paul,

Ft.

Macon

State

Park

historian, interview

with

the

author,

August

17,

1998.

Carteret

County

Deeds.

Congressional

Record

for

61

st

Congress,

62

nd

Congress,

64

th

Congress,

and

65

th

Congress.

O'Brien,

T.

Michael

and

Dennis

L.

Noble.

"Soldiers

of

Surf

and

Storm:

The

Light

and

Lifesavers

of

Cape

Lookout,

North

Carolina,"

manuscript,

no

date.

Copy

at

Outer

Banks

History

Center,

Manteo,

in

collection

of

Dr.

Barden

Holland,

F.

Ross

Jr.,

monograph

on

Cape

Lookout

National

Seashore

written

in

1968

.

United

States

Censuses,

Population

Schedules,

Carteret

County,

Straits

township,

1880,

1900,

1910;

Harkers

Island

township,

1920.

Mobley,

Joe

A.

Ship

Ashore!

The

U.S.

Lifesavers

of

Coastal

North

Carolina.

Raleigh:

North

Carolina

Division

of